Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41939979›Full record

ReviewJournal of parasitology research2026

Parasitic Infections of Freshwater Fish in Kenya: Prevalence Patterns, Ecological Drivers, and Implications for Aquaculture Sustainability.

Robert M Waruiru, Finnan O Ageng O, Daniel W Wanja, Joseph W Murugami, Kezia W Maina, Steven K Mavuti, Patrick W Kamundia, Charles M Gichohi, Jacob M Wainaina, Mercy M Hamisi and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of parasitology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Robert M WaruiruDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, uonbi.ac.ke.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1377-282X
Finnan O Ageng ODepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, uonbi.ac.ke.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6078-2910
Daniel W WanjaDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya, egerton.ac.ke.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8913-6072
Joseph W MurugamiDirectorate of Veterinary Services, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kezia W MainaDirectorate of Veterinary Services, Kiambu County, Kenya.
Steven K MavutiPwani University, Kilifi, Kenya, pu.ac.ke.
Patrick W KamundiaDepartment of Animal Health and Production, School of Natural Resources, Environmental Studies and Agriculture, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya, mmarau.ac.ke.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8207-3876
Charles M GichohiDirectorate of Veterinary Services, Nairobi, Kenya.
Jacob M WainainaDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, uonbi.ac.ke.
Mercy M HamisiDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, uonbi.ac.ke.
Otieno K OgingaIchthyology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya, museums.or.ke.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5110-311X
Philip N NyagaDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, uonbi.ac.ke.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-3837
Paul G MbuthiaDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, uonbi.ac.ke.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8695-0784

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fish parasitic infections present a growing threat to freshwater aquaculture in Kenya, affecting fish health, reducing productivity, and limiting the economic potential of small-scale and commercial farms. This review provides the first consolidated national checklist of freshwater fish parasites in Kenya, synthesizing evidence from lakes, rivers, and aquaculture systems across multiple counties. By integrating data from diverse host species and production environments, it establishes a comprehensive baseline on parasite diversity, host range, and geographic distribution that has previously been fragmented across isolated studies. Studies were identified through a structured search of scientific databases. The review highlights the widespread occurrence of parasitic infections in economically important species, such as

Indexed as

digenean trematodesfish parasitesfreshwater aquacultureKenyaOreochromis niloticusrisk factorswater quality

Identifiers

PMID41939979
PMCPMC13045279

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.