ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026
Global heart failure incidence rate: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Incidence of delirium in hospitalized heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Heart failure (HF) affects 64 million people worldwide, yet updated global estimates of its incidence are lacking. Objective: Conduct a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis to estimate the global incidence of heart failure and analyze its variations according to geographic region, sex, age, and clinical characteristics. Methodology: A SR was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science (including SciELO) for observational studies published between 2000 and 2025 reporting HF incidence rates in the general population. Studies with recognized diagnostic criteria (Framingham, ESC, ACC/AHA) or standardized codifications (ICD) were included. The meta-analysis employed a random-effects model with the REML method. Subgroup analyses (sex, age, region, phenotypes) and meta-regression were conducted to explore temporal trends. Results: Forty-two studies (2001-2025) from 18 countries were included, with 57% categorized as low risk of bias. The combined global incidence was 2.72 cases per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 1.95-3.81), being higher in North America (6.06) than in Europe (2.65) and Asia (4.08). Incidence was higher in men (1.93) than in women (1.62), and substantially higher in the population >50 years (12.38). Meta-regression by publication year showed no significant temporal trend ( Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides updated global HF incidence estimates, revealing significant regional disparities and rates quadrupling in the population over 50 years. However, the pooled estimate is predominantly derived from high-income countries, limiting generalizability to low- and middle-income settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.