Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41943021›Full record

ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2026

Continuous glucose monitoring reveals distinct clinical implications of glucose levels at the start and end of hemodialysis in people with type 2 diabetes.

Akinori Hayashi, Rihito Takaesu, Haruna Sogabe, Yuiko Tani, Nagisa Aoki, Yoshiki Ko, Satoshi Tsuji, Ibuki Moriguchi, Naoyuki Kobayashi, Takeshi Miyatsuka

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Akinori HayashiDepartment of Fundamental Nursing, Kitasato University School of Nursing, 1-15-1, Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan. ahayashi@kitasato-u.ac.jp.
Rihito TakaesuDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
Haruna SogabeDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
Yuiko TaniDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
Nagisa AokiDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
Yoshiki KoDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
Satoshi TsujiDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
Ibuki MoriguchiSohbudai Nieren Clinic, Zama, Japan.
Naoyuki KobayashiSohbudai Nieren Clinic, Zama, Japan.
Takeshi MiyatsukaDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.

Funding

Japan Association for Diabetes Education and Care 2023-FND-012Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP22K15674
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe clinical significance of glucose levels at the start and end of hemodialysis (HD) sessions in people with type 2 diabetes remains insufficiently explored.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 116 individuals with type 2 diabetes undergoing HD (age 61 ± 12 years; 69% male; HbA1c 6.5 ± 1.3%; glycated albumin 21.1 ± 6.9%). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were collected from two dialysis institutions to evaluate sensor glucose levels at the start and end of HD sessions and their associations with CGM metrics and hypoglycemia.

resultsGlucose levels were significantly higher at the start than at the end-of-HD (175.6 ± 55.4 mg/dL vs. 118.7 ± 43.3 mg/dL, P < 0.0001), with no correlation (r = 0.095, P = 0.31). Start-of-HD glucose was independently associated with dialysis duration (β = -0.184, P = 0.015) and time above range > 180 mg/dL (TAR

conclusionGlucose levels at the start and end of HD sessions demonstrate distinct clinical relevance. End-of-HD glucose level serves as a useful marker for hypoglycemia risk, highlighting the potential importance of tailored monitoring strategies to support glycemic risk assessment in this high-risk population.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HypoglycemiaKidney Failure, ChronicRenal DialysisAgedBiomarkersBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanContinuous glucose monitoringHemodialysisHypoglycemiaType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41943021
PMCPMC13188449

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.