Evidence mapPaperPMID 41945919Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2026

Young Adults' Interactions With Food and Nutrition Content on Social Media and Implications for Intervention Design: Semistructured Interview Study.

Hao Tang, Amy L Ahern, Marie Spreckley, Andrea D Smith

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Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hao TangInstitute of Metabolic Science Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-1374
Amy L AhernInstitute of Metabolic Science Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-4758
Marie Spreckley *Institute of Metabolic Science Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-2408
Andrea D Smith *Institute of Metabolic Science Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-6667

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundYoung adults increasingly rely on social media for nutrition information. However, little is known about (1) which types of eating-related content they actively engage with and why, and (2) how they interpret, evaluate, and incorporate this content into their everyday food choices and health behaviors.

objectiveThis qualitative study explored how UK young adults (aged 18-25 years) interact with food and nutrition content across social media platforms to inform the design of future social media interventions.

methodsSemistructured online interviews, guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model, were conducted with 25 active social media users (18/25, 72% women, mean age 22.2, SD 1.9 years, ethnically diverse) in the United Kingdom between August and October 2024. The study design was informed by patient and public involvement to ensure relevance and acceptability. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. To guide intervention development, key findings (coded as barriers and facilitators) were systematically mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework, and the COM-B. Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Cambridge (24.368).

resultsFive key themes were identified: (1) evolving engagement patterns (passive scrolling to active interaction and mixed feelings on algorithmic control), (2) conflicted information seeking (frustration with contradictory advice, varied strategies to assess credibility), (3) multifaceted behavioral impact (simultaneous positive impacts such as cooking inspiration and negative impacts such as restrictive eating triggers), (4) shifting goals (a movement from appearance-focused to health-centered goals; yet, vulnerability to body-image issues), and (5) intervention preferences (demand for credible professionals, customizable content, and privacy protection). Participants demonstrated a reactive learning process, developing "digital nutrition literacy" often after negative experiences. Social influences were identified as the most frequently cited domain (mapped to TDF [theoretical domains framework]/COM-B) shaping interactions with social media content.

conclusionsThis study challenges assumptions of passive social media consumption, showing that young adults actively develop protective strategies yet remain vulnerable to misinformation. Digital interventions should leverage user agency and address diverse perceptions through customizable, credible content delivered with privacy and emotionally safe messaging. The COM-B and TDF mapping provide specific, evidence-based behavioral targets, particularly within the domain of Social Opportunity and Reflective Motivation, to guide the development of effective eHealth interventions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083465.

Indexed as

FoodSocial MediaAdolescentAdultDigital MediaFemaleHealth BehaviorHumansInterviews as TopicMaleQualitative ResearchUnited KingdomYoung Adultdigital interventioneating behaviorqualitativesocial mediathematic analysisyoung adults

Identifiers

PMID41945919
PMCPMC13100578

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.