ArticleJournal of veterinary science2026
Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in migratory wild birds in South Korea, 2019-2025.
Article in Journal of veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biosecurity deficiencies in HPAI-affected poultry farms in Korea, 2020/2021-2024/2025 seasons.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Genomic and Clinicopathological Characterization of a Reassortant HPAI H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) in an Endangered Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus) in South Korea, 2026.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
importanceWild aquatic birds are reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). South Korea has conducted national wild-bird surveillance since 2008 to enable early detection of highly pathogenic AIVs (HPAIVs) and rapid response in poultry.
objectiveWe investigated the distribution of AI viruses in fecal samples from wild bird habitats (and nearby poultry-farm areas) surveyed between September and March from 2019 to 2025 and identified associated epidemiological risk factors.
methodsSamples were screened for influenza A (M, H5, H7) genes using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), subjected to virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs, and subtyped by PCR and sequencing. Host species were identified through DNA barcoding. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were estimated for province, month, and waterfowl density.
resultsOverall prevalence of HPAI and low pathogenic AI (LPAI) virus was 0.10% and 3.21%, respectively. HPAI virus was continuously isolated since 2020-2021, except 2019-2020, while LPAI prevalence steadily increased (3.01%-4.35%). Twelve hemagglutinin (H1-H12) subtypes were identified in 1,722 isolates, and H3 (16.5%) was the most prevalent, followed by H5 (11.1%) and H7 (5.2%). LPAI H5N3 (55.7%) and H7N7 (75.5%) were the predominant H5 and H7 subtypes, respectively. Detection was higher in western coastal provinces, and higher mallard/spot-billed duck density and sampling in September-December were associated with increased risk. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Continued surveillance of migratory-bird habitats can provide early warning of HPAIV incursions and support targeted biosecurity measures in high-risk regions and seasons.
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