ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
The hidden costs of Dutch dietary choices: quantifying the health and environmental costs attributable to suboptimal diets.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: National dietary guidelines can help in promoting healthier and more sustainable dietary patterns. Although the potential benefits of adherence are well documented, observed adherence in the Netherlands remains suboptimal. Objective: This study estimated the annual hidden health and environmental costs associated with suboptimal dietary patterns, defined here as low adherence to the Dutch dietary guidelines. Methods: Adherence to the Dutch dietary guidelines was assessed using the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 (DHD15). Individuals in the lowest (Q1) and highest (Q5) quintiles of adherence were compared based on food consumption data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (DNFCS) 2019-2021 among adults aged 20-79 years. Hidden health costs were estimated as productivity losses using the Human Capital Approach (HCA) for diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), along with the economic valuation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Environmental costs were calculated across six indicators, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, land use, and blue water consumption, and were monetised using environmental shadow prices. Results: Low adherence to dietary guidelines is associated with EUR 410 million in productivity losses, with DALY-related costs ranging from EUR 910 million to 1.8 billion. Low adherence imposes EUR 3.0 billion more in annual environmental costs compared to high adherence. Discussion: These results reinforce calls for policies and interventions that promote healthier eating patterns as a cost-effective means of reducing the hidden costs embedded in current dietary habits and transforming the agrifood system toward health and sustainability goals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.