Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41948428›Full record

ArticleGeoHealth2026

Differences in Long Term Exposure to Wildfire Smoke Among People Who Are Incarcerated Compared to People Who Are Not Incarcerated in California, 2015-2020.

Kristen N Cowan, Lawrence S Engel, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Sara N Levintow, Shabbar I Ranapurwala, Paul Delamater

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in GeoHealth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kristen N CowanDepartment of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-4755
Lawrence S EngelDepartment of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9268-4830
Lauren Brinkley-RubinsteinDepartment of Population Health Sciences School of Medicine Duke University Durham NC USA.
Sara N LevintowDepartment of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA.
Shabbar I RanapurwalaDepartment of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA.
Paul DelamaterDepartment of Geography University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3627-9739

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wildfire smoke exposure is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. People who are incarcerated may be especially vulnerable to smoke exposure because, compared to non-incarcerated people, they lack agency to control their exposure. The goal of this study, within California, is to (a) geographically characterize wildfire-attributable PM

Indexed as

air pollutiondisparitiesspatial epidemiologywildfire

Identifiers

PMID41948428
PMCPMC13052250

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.