Evidence mapPaperPMID 41948552Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026

External validation and application of a machine learning-based model for diabetes progression in prediabetes.

Song Wang, Qi Huang, Yuxuan Luo, Yingying Luo, Honghan Wu, Zhouhui Lian, Linong Ji, Xiantong Zou

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Song WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Device Translation in Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Qi HuangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Device Translation in Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Yuxuan LuoWangxuan Institute of Computer Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yingying LuoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Device Translation in Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Honghan WuSchool of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Zhouhui LianWangxuan Institute of Computer Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Linong JiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Device Translation in Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xiantong ZouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Device Translation in Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: This study externally validated a machine learning-based model for type 2 diabetes progression (ML-PR) and evaluated its clinical utility in individuals with prediabetes. Methods: We included 3,081 participants from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and the DPP Outcome Study (DPPOS). The ML-PR model was assessed using dicrimination, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis, and its performance was compared with existing diabetes prediction models. Based on ML-PR scores, patients were stratified into high- or low-risk categories. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the incidence of type 2 diabetes, microvascular complications, and cardiovascular events across risk and intervention groups. Results: The ML-PR model achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.78) for predicting 3-year progression to type 2 diabetes. Calibration and decision curve analyses indicated good agreement and net clinical benefit. High-risk individuals exhibited a significantly higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in both the DPP and DPPOS cohorts (P < 0.001), as well as a 67% increased risk of microvascular complications in DPPOS (P < 0.001), though no significant difference in cardiovascular risk was observed. Significant interactions between treatment and risk group were identified, indicating that high-risk participants benefited more from lifestyle modification and metformin interventions (P for interaction = 0.03 in DPP; P = 0.014 in DPPOS). Discussion: Externally validated in U.S. cohorts, the ML-PR model effectively identifies individuals with prediabetes at elevated risk of diabetes progressing and microvascular complications. These findings suggest that intensive lifestyle interventions and metformin therapy may be particularly beneficial for individuals at higher risk, highlighting the potential for more precise treatment strategies in type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Machine LearningPrediabetic StateDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrediction AlgorithmsPredictive Learning ModelsRisk Factorsinterventionmachine learningprediabetesprediction modelsrisk stratification

Identifiers

PMID41948552
PMCPMC13051266

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.