ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Whole-body vs. selective head cooling and target temperature strategies for neonatal HIE: a meta-analysis of long-term outcomes.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: From the Limitations of Therapeutic Hypothermia to Precision Intervention.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the differential long-term outcomes-including mortality, severe disability, and specific neurodevelopmental domains (language, learning, memory)-associated with various therapeutic hypothermia strategies for moderate-to-severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) through a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to December 2023, supplemented by gray literature and reference tracking. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies involving neonates ≥36 weeks' gestation with moderate-to-severe HIE treated with therapeutic hypothermia were included. Data extraction covered study characteristics, outcome data, and risk of bias indicators. The subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessment of publication bias were carried out. Results: A total of 11 studies involving 1,466 neonates were included. The pooled composite endpoint rate (mortality + severe disability) after therapeutic hypothermia was 39.2% (95% CI: 32.7%-46.1%). Subgroup analysis revealed that whole-body cooling demonstrated superior efficacy compared to selective head cooling (RR = 0.71, Conclusion: Therapeutic hypothermia reduces the combined risk of mortality and severe disability in moderate-to-severe neonatal HIE. Whole-body cooling and target temperatures of 33-34 °C may optimize outcomes, but extreme hypothermia (≤32 °C) is associated with increased mortality, necessitating careful monitoring of adverse events. Further research is needed to optimize protocols and characterize neurodevelopmental outcomes in specific domains (e.g., language, memory).
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Registered trials
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