ArticleThe Indian journal of medical research2026
Social and rural determinants of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in The Indian journal of medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and objectives The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is disproportionately severe in rural and agricultural populations, driven by the complex interplay of socioeconomic, behavioural, and genetic risk factors. While these determinants are acknowledged individually, few studies have validated a parsimonious, integrated measurement model to effectively structure and assess their collective influence on glycaemic control within a rural primary care context. We aimed to address this critical gap. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study utilising a purposive sample of 1,011 patients with uncontrolled T2DM recruited from a rural diabetic healthcare setting. To empirically test the structural relationships among key risk factors, we employed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate a four-factor measurement model. This model integrated 14 observed indicators across the latent constructs of alcohol addiction, economic conditions, dietary habits, and family history of T2DM. Results The proposed four-factor model demonstrated an excellent practical fit to the observed data, confirming its structural validity. All factor loadings were statistically significant (P<0.001). The magnitude of practical misfit was medium (Cohen's w=0.37), validating the model's overall explanatory power. Factor intercorrelations revealed a significant positive correlation between alcohol addiction and economic condition (r=0.109, P=0.006), and a significant negative relationship between diet and family history of T2DM (r=-0.154, P=0.014). Interpretation and conclusions Our findings establish alcohol addiction, economic conditions, dietary habits, and family history as robust, interrelated determinants of glycaemic control in rural primary care. The validated structural model provides an evidence-based tool for risk stratification and personalised intervention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.