Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41949449›Full record

ArticleAnalytical chemistry2026

Parallel Sequencing of the Two Arms on a Bispecific Antibody by Electron Capture Dissociation on a timsOmni Platform Reveals Several By-products in the Controlled Fab-arm Exchange Process.

Iuliia Stroganova, Simon Ollivier, Laura Radić, Athanasios Smyrnakis, Mariangela Kosmopoulou, Janke Schinkel, Kwinten Sliepen, Jean-François Greisch, Albert J R Heck

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Analytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Iuliia StroganovaBiomolecular Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research & Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
Simon OllivierBiomolecular Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research & Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7671-1736
Laura RadićDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-6516-0123
Athanasios SmyrnakisFasmatech Science & Technology, 15232 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1677-4214
Mariangela KosmopoulouFasmatech Science & Technology, 15232 Athens, Greece.
Janke SchinkelDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
Kwinten SliepenDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1414-0648
Jean-François GreischBiomolecular Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research & Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
Albert J R HeckBiomolecular Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research & Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2405-4404

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) can simultaneously target two distinct antigens, offering enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional antibodies. However, their complex manufacturing process, involving pairing of four distinct polypeptide chains (two heavy and two light chains), enhances the analytical challenges in quality control. Here, we applied top-down mass spectrometry using electron capture dissociation (ECD) on a novel timsOmni platform to characterize the bsAb LaC49 (AR4A/AR3C) and its monospecific precursors, IgG1-AR4A and IgG1-AR3C. This bsAb was developed to target different epitopes of the E1E2 envelope glycoprotein on the surface of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The bsAb was prepared via controlled Fab-arm exchange. Native mass spectrometry revealed that the sample contained the intended bsAb but also products that displayed substantial structural heterogeneity, including residual monospecific IgG1-AR4A and multiple other mass variants. ECD MS/MS analysis of the F(ab')

Indexed as

Antibodies, BispecificImmunoglobulin Fab FragmentsAmino Acid SequenceElectronsImmunoglobulin GTandem Mass SpectrometryAntibodies, BispecificImmunoglobulin Fab FragmentsImmunoglobulin G

Identifiers

PMID41949449
PMCPMC13103927

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.