ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2026
Sex Differences in Colorectal Tumor-Associated T-cell Responses.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough males exhibit higher colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates than females, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that females mount stronger antitumor T-cell responses, contributing to their improved survival.
methodsTumor samples from a discovery cohort (Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer, N = 2,750) and an independent replication cohort (Spanish study, N = 444) underwent immunosequencing to quantify T-cell receptor (TCR) abundance and clonality. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes per high-powered field (TIL/hpf) were also scored in the discovery cohort. Multivariable logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) for the associations between sex and T-cell metrics. The data were then stratified by sex, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HR) for the associations between T-cell metrics and 5-year overall and colorectal cancer-specific survival, adjusting for known prognostic indicators.
resultsMultivariable analysis demonstrated no association between sex and TCR abundance, clonality, or TILs/hpf (P > 0.05 for all) in both discovery and replication cohorts. In multivariable survival analysis, higher TCR abundance and TILs/hpf were consistently associated with improved survival across sexes in both cohorts. TCR clonality showed inconsistent associations across cohorts and sexes. Importantly, formal interaction testing showed no significant interaction between sex and T-cell metrics in relation to survival outcomes for both cohorts.
conclusionsWe observed no significant sex differences in colorectal cancer-associated T-cell responses and no significant interaction between sex and T-cell responses in relation to survival. IMPACT: Sex differences in colorectal cancer are unlikely to be explained by the differences in the robustness and diversity of tumor-associated T-cell responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.