Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41950435›Full record

ArticleNeurology2026

Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Song-Yi Park, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Eileen M Crimmins, Lon R White, Christopher A Haiman, Lynne R Wilkens, Loïc Le Marchand, Unhee Lim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Song-Yi ParkPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.ORCID 0000-0001-7734-5320
Veronica Wendy SetiawanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.ORCID 0000-0001-9239-5692
Eileen M CrimminsLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; and.ORCID 0000-0001-5459-5239
Lon R WhitePacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI.ORCID 0000-0002-5536-3867
Christopher A HaimanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.ORCID 0000-0002-0097-9971
Lynne R WilkensPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.ORCID 0000-0001-8408-4536
Loïc Le MarchandPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.ORCID 0000-0001-5013-980X
Unhee LimPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.ORCID 0000-0001-6221-7190

Funding

Understanding Population Differences in Cancer: The MEC StudyU01CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HAIMAN, CHRISTOPHER ALAN, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2015 to 2025
$37.4M
Prospective Associations of Diet and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Among Five Racial and Ethnic PopulationsR03AG081824 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI PARK, SONG-YI · 2023 to 2023
$175k
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164973NIA NIH HHS R03 AG081824
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesPlant-based diets have been linked to slower cognitive decline, but data on long-term dietary changes and from diverse populations are limited. The primary aim of this study was to examine plant-based dietary patterns and their change over time in relation to Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs).

methodsThis prospective longitudinal analysis of the Multiethnic Cohort Study, based in Hawaii and California (primarily Los Angeles County), included data on African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White participants who completed food frequency questionnaires at baseline (1993-1996; age 45-75 years) and at 10-year follow-up (2003-2008) and whose Medicare claims were linked to identify incident ADRDs. A priori indices for the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) were analyzed in Cox regression models for ADRD.

resultsThe analysis included 92,849 participants (mean age 59.2 years, 55.1% female, 21,478 with ADRDs) for the baseline diet and 45,065 participants (8,360 with ADRDs) for the 10-year dietary change. For the baseline diet, comparing the highest vs lowest quintile, PDI and hPDI were associated with 12% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.88; 95% CI 0.85-0.92) and 7% (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.89-0.97) lower risks of ADRD, respectively, whereas uPDI was related to a 6% higher risk (HR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01-1.10). For the dietary change over time, the strongest association with ADRD was observed for uPDI rather than for PDI or hPDI. Compared with those with a stable score (<0.5 SD change), participants with a large increase in uPDI (≥1 SD) showed a 25% higher risk (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.15-1.36) and those with a large decrease in uPDI showed an 11% lower risk (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.84-0.94). The associations between the plant-based diet indices and ADRD were generally similar by age group (<60 vs ≥60 years at baseline), race and ethnicity, or DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that adopting plant-based diets, specifically refraining from low-quality plant-based diets, even at an older age, is associated with a lower risk of ADRDs.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDementiaDiet, Plant-BasedDiet, VegetarianEthnicityAgedCaliforniaFemaleHawaiiHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID41950435
PMCPMC13557739

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.