Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41952263›Full record

ReviewImmunological reviews2026

From Development to Aging: Dynamic Roles of the Thymic Medulla in T Cell Biology.

Christina Michalaki, Minahil Sharjeel, Jennifer E Cowan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Immunological reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Christina MichalakiDivision of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
Minahil SharjeelDivision of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
Jennifer E CowanDivision of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-3044

Funding

Wellcome Trust and Royal Society 222623/Z/21/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The thymic medulla is essential for establishing central tolerance, orchestrating the development of a diverse yet self-tolerant T cell repertoire, and preventing autoimmunity. This process is primarily mediated through interactions between developing thymocytes and antigen-presenting cells, including thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and dendritic cells (DCs), with additional regulatory contributions from endothelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and macrophages. Despite its critical role, the complexity of late-stage thymocyte development and the dynamics of their medullary residency remain incompletely understood. Recent advances in single-cell, epigenomic, and transcriptomic technologies have begun to reveal previously unappreciated layers of cellular and molecular heterogeneity within the thymic medulla throughout life. In this review, we explore how the medulla shapes the fate of both conventional and non-conventional T cells, examine the diversity of thymocyte populations it supports, and discuss how this specialized microenvironment adapts during aging and regeneration.

Indexed as

AgingThymocytesThymus GlandT-LymphocytesAnimalsCell DifferentiationCellular MicroenvironmentEpithelial CellsHumansRegenerationaginginvolutionregenerationthymic epithelial cellsthymic medulla

Identifiers

PMID41952263
PMCPMC13062478

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.