Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41954705›Full record

ArticleProgress in orthodontics2026

Comprehensive three-dimensional analysis of alveolar bone adaptation and root resorption following premolar extraction in Class II malocclusion: a cohort study.

Hasan M Sharhan, Hanan Al-Fakeh, Huda M Sharhan, Majedh Abdo Ali Al-Somairi, Enas Senan Alyafrusee, Gaobo Tao, Nassem Ali Al-Worafi, Chao He, Najah Alhashimi, Maged S Alhammadi and 2 more

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Article in Progress in orthodontics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Hasan M Sharhan *Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, 110002, Shenyang, China.
Hanan Al-Fakeh *Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Prosthodontic Disease, China Medical University, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, 110002, He-Ping District, China.
Huda M SharhanDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamār, Yemen.
Majedh Abdo Ali Al-SomairiDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, 110002, Shenyang, China.
Enas Senan AlyafruseeDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, 110002, Shenyang, China.
Gaobo TaoDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, 110002, Shenyang, China.
Nassem Ali Al-WorafiDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, 110002, Shenyang, China.
Chao HeDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, 110002, Shenyang, China.
Najah AlhashimiDepartment of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Maged S AlhammadiOrthodontic Physician, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Bowen ZhengDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, 110002, Shenyang, China. bwzheng@cmu.edu.cn.
Yi LiuDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, 110002, Shenyang, China. liuyi@cmu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThis study aimed to assess the three-dimensional effects of orthodontic premolar extraction in Class II division 1 malocclusion cases treated with fixed appliances on maxillary bony changes (alveolar bone thickness and height) and maxillary dental changes (root length and tooth volume).

methodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted with 50 adult patients (aged 18-35 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and extraction of four first premolars. Pre and post treatment cone beam computed tomography scans were analyzed to obtain quantitative measurements of alveolar bone height and thickness, as well as root length and tooth volume.

resultsThere were significant post-treatment reductions in alveolar bone height in almost all teeth, as well as the cervical alveolar bone thickness, particularly on the palatal side of the anterior teeth. Root resorption was evident across all teeth, and central incisors showed the most significant reduction in root length. Tooth volume decreased significantly across all dentitions.

conclusionsPremolar extraction in orthodontic treatment is associated with significant changes in alveolar bone height, thickness, root resorption, and tooth volume, particularly in the anterior maxillary region.

Indexed as

Alveolar ProcessBicuspidImaging, Three-DimensionalMalocclusion, Angle Class IIRoot ResorptionTooth ExtractionAdaptation, PhysiologicalAdolescentAdultCohort StudiesCone-Beam Computed TomographyFemaleHumansMaleMaxillaOrthodontic Appliances, Fixed

Identifiers

PMID41954705
PMCPMC13065861

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.