ReviewInfectious diseases and therapy2026
Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics and Prostate Penetration in Bacterial Prostatitis: A Systematic Review.
Review in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanoparticle-based therapeutic platforms for inflammatory disorders of the urinary system: Engineering local delivery, biointerface regulation, and smart responsive therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- A Letter to the Editor Regarding "Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics and Prostate Penetration in Bacterial Prostatitis: Can We Draw Conclusions from Measured Prostatic Concentrations Reported in the Literature?"Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Huang'e Capsule Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis in Rats Through Regulation of Linoleic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism by Metabolomics.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEffective treatment of bacterial prostatitis is limited by poor antibiotic penetration into prostatic tissue due to anatomical and physiological barriers, including the blood-prostate barrier, pH-dependent ion trapping, and protein binding.
methodsA systematic review was conducted to evaluate the intraprostatic pharmacokinetics of antibiotics. PubMed, Embase, and Medline were searched up to December 2024. In total, 44 studies reporting antibiotic concentrations in serum, prostate tissue, or prostatic fluids were included. Prostate tissue-to-serum ratios (PT/S) and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed to assess prostate penetration.
resultsA total of 44 studies were included. Fluoroquinolones consistently demonstrated favorable intraprostatic penetration (PT/S ≥ 1), supporting their role as first-line agents. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) showed moderate penetration driven primarily by trimethoprim, while macrolides and tetracyclines exhibited variable but measurable distribution. Most β-lactams penetrated poorly into non-inflamed prostate tissue, although selected cephalosporins achieved moderate concentrations in acute inflammatory settings. Fosfomycin showed variable intraprostatic exposure, indicating that tissue diffusion does not uniformly translate into clinical efficacy, particularly in chronic disease.
conclusionsAntibiotic efficacy in prostatitis is strongly influenced by intraprostatic pharmacokinetics rather than drug class alone. Integrating physicochemical properties, disease subtype, and clinical guideline recommendations is essential for rational antibiotic selection and optimized treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.