ReviewFrontiers in medicine2026
Research status and progress on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary nodules.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-disordered breathing. The intermittent hypoxia and chronic inflammation caused by OSA may promote pathological changes in lung tissue and increase the risk of pulmonary nodules. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological evidence, potential mechanistic pathways, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic implications of the relationship between OSA and pulmonary nodules. Existing observational studies have shown that the incidence of pulmonary nodules in OSA patients is significantly increased, and the severity of OSA is positively correlated with the risk of malignant nodules. Intermittent hypoxia activates oxidative stress and inflammatory response through HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway, which may be the core mechanism of OSA promoting the occurrence and development of pulmonary nodules. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors and may delay the malignant transformation of pulmonary nodules. However, the existing evidence mainly comes from observational studies, with insufficient control of confounding factors, and the causal relationship needs to be further verified.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.