ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Resolving the renal microenvironment: a 5-plex immunofluorescence workflow to quantify B-lineage cells in FFPE lupus nephritis biopsies.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Accurate identification and spatial enumeration of B lineage cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lupus nephritis (LN) kidney tissue is critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and CD20-directed therapeutic responses. We developed a targeted 5-plex immunofluorescence and digital image analysis workflow for simultaneous enumeration of B cells, plasma cells (PCs), and plasmablasts (PBs) in FFPE human tissues that is amenable to deployment in LN clinical trials. We validated this workflow on two tonsils and eight LN biopsy tissue blocks. Comparison of B lineage markers confirmed that CD79a provides far superior sensitivity for interstitial B cells compared to CD19, establishing it as the requisite anchor for B cell burden assessment in FFPE lupus nephritis tissue. Accordingly, B cells were defined as CD79a
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