Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41959152›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Structural insights into antibody responses against influenza A virus in its natural reservoir.

Huibin Lv, Walter N Harrington, Wenkan Liu, Dalia Naser, Yang Wei Huan, Emma Thames, Pradeep Chopra, Tossapol Pholcharee, Patrick Seiler, Edgardo Ayala and 17 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Huibin LvDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Walter N HarringtonDepartment of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
Wenkan LiuDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Dalia NaserDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Yang Wei HuanDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Emma ThamesDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Pradeep ChopraComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Tossapol PholchareeDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Patrick SeilerDepartment of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
Edgardo AyalaDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Alyssa MonterrosoDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Wei JiDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Qi Wen TeoDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Akshita B GopalDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Emily X MaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Douglas C WuDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Madison R ArdaghDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Arjun MehtaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Jessica J HuangDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Meixuan TongDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Garrett HonzayDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Brendan ShirkeyWinous Point Marsh Conservancy, Port Clinton, OH 43452, USA.
Jenna J GuthmillerDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Geert-Jan BoonsComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Beth M StadtmuellerDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Richard J WebbyDepartment of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
Nicholas C WuDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While influenza A virus undergoes rapid antigenic drift in humans, at least some subtypes, such as H3, have relatively stable antigenicity in natural waterfowl reservoirs, despite the presence of immune pressure. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study identified and characterized 187 antibodies to H3 hemagglutinin from experimentally infected mallard ducks, 18 of which were further analyzed by cryo-EM. Compared with human H3 antibodies, duck H3 antibodies exhibited higher glycan-binding propensity, more balanced immunodominance hierarchy, and targeted distinct epitopes. Other unique features of duck H3 antibodies included a convergent CDR H3-independent heavy chain-only binding mode and an N-glycosylated CDR H3 as decoy receptor. By annotating duck immunoglobulin germline genes, we also demonstrated the importance of gene conversion in duck H3 antibodies. Overall, our findings provide insights into how millennia of coevolution have shaped the interplay between influenza A virus antigenic drift and antibody responses in the natural reservoir.

Identifiers

PMID41959152
PMCPMC13060830

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.