ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
Proteomic signatures of COVID-19 Post-Vaccination/Post-Infection Syndrome (PV/PIS): insights into immune dysregulation and coagulopathy.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: During the global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, a subset of individuals reported persistent symptoms following vaccination, with clinical presentations overlapping those of Long COVID and requiring individualised treatment strategies. Distinguishing between vaccine-related adverse events and post-infectious sequelae is challenging, particularly given the potential for unrecognised asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection before or after vaccination. To address this complexity, we defined our disease cohort as individuals experiencing persistent symptoms ( Methods: In this study, we conducted a plasma proteomic analysis of digested microclot deposits isolated from platelet-poor plasma samples of 14 individuals with PV/PIS compared to 16 healthy controls, using liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: We identified significant alterations in coagulation factors, acute phase proteins, and immune response modulators in the PV/PIS group compared to controls. Notably, elevated levels of serum amyloid A1 and A2, attractin, and coagulation factors X and XI were observed, alongside downregulation of immune-regulatory proteins. These findings suggest that PV/PIS is characterised by persistent immune dysregulation and coagulopathy. Conclusions: This proteomic signature was found to only partially overlap with that previously reported in a proteomics analysis on Long COVID samples, collected prior to vaccination availability. Our results highlight the complex interplay between immune activation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation pathologies in PV/PIS, with distinct differences detected between these systems in Long COVID and PV/PIS, paving the way for more targeted protein research in these conditions.
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