Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41959792›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

Cognitive and brain reserve in bilingual speakers with clinical AD variants.

Nicoletta Biondo, John Matthew Suntay, Muskaan Sandhu, Jeanine Sandra Estaban, Janhavi Pillai, Maria Luisa Mandelli, Eugenie Mamuyac, Rochelle-Jan Reyes, Ariel Guevarra, Maya L Henry and 4 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Nicoletta BiondoDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
John Matthew SuntayDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Muskaan SandhuDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Jeanine Sandra EstabanDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Janhavi PillaiDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Maria Luisa MandelliDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2518-2520
Eugenie MamuyacDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Rochelle-Jan ReyesDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Ariel GuevarraDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Maya L HenryDepartment of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, 2504A Whitis Avenue, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Nina F DronkersDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, 3 Floor, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
Maria Luisa Gorno TempiniDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Stephanie M GrassoDepartment of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, 2504A Whitis Avenue, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Jessica de LeonDepartment of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.

Funding

TDP-43 Loss-of-Function: Biology to BiomarkersP01AG019724 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Jennifer Merrilees · 2002 to 2026
$67.2M
Progressive Aphasia Cognition Anatomy and ProgressionR01NS050915 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MARIA LUISA GORNO TEMPINI · 2004 to 2026
$11.0M
Word fluency task performance as a marker of Alzheimer’s disease in Tagalog/English bilingual speakerR01AG080396 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Jessica Anne Deleon · 2023 to 2026
$3.3M
Establishing Evidence-based Treatment for Speech and Language in Primary Progressive AphasiaR01DC016291 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI HENRY, MAYA · 2017 to 2021
$3.3M
Bilingual Factors Associated with Cognitive Reserve and Linguistic Resilience in Hispanics with Primary Progressive AphasiaR01AG080470 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI Stephanie M Grasso · 2023 to 2026
$2.8M
Training program in the neurology of language and neurodegenerative aphasiasK24DC015544 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GORNO TEMPINI, MARIA LUISA · 2016 to 2025
$1.9M
Primary Progressive Aphasia: Beyond the Clinical VariantsK23DC018021 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DELEON, JESSICA ANNE · 2020 to 2024
$995k
NIA NIH HHS P01 AG019724NIA NIH HHS R01 AG080396NIA NIH HHS R01 AG080470NIDCD NIH HHS K23 DC018021NIDCD NIH HHS K24 DC015544NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC016291NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS050915
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionBilingualism may confer resilience via enhanced neural integrity. However, evidence for bilingualism's neuroprotective effect is mixed, and studies across Alzheimer's disease (AD) variants are scarce. This study examined gray matter volume (GMV) differences between bilinguals and monolinguals with amnestic AD and logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA).

methodsIn 136 amnestic AD and 88 lvPPA participants with neuropsychological assessments and structural MRI, we analyzed differences between monolinguals and bilinguals within each variant, controlling for demographic covariates.

resultsAmnestic AD bilinguals exhibited less GMV in hippocampal, fusiform, and occipital regions compared to monolinguals. LvPPA bilinguals had less temporal and occipital volumes, but they had greater volumes in inferior parietal regions, which are considered a disease epicenter in lvPPA. Cognitive performance in monolinguals and bilinguals was comparable within variants. DISCUSSION: Bilingualism may support cognitive reserve (preserved cognition despite reduced GMV) in both AD variants, with additional brain reserve in lvPPA.

Indexed as

bilingualismbrain reservecognitive reservecognitive resiliencedementiafrontotemporal dementiamultilingualismprimary progressive aphasia

Identifiers

PMID41959792
PMCPMC13060429

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.