ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Anti-HPV gel versus interferon α-2b gel as adjuvant therapy after LEEP for HSIL with HR-HPV infection on clinical outcomes, vaginal microecology, and biomarkers of proliferation and immunity.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy, impact on vaginal microbiota, changes in inflammatory/immune/proliferation biomarkers, and safety profile of Anti-HPV gel versus Interferon α-2b gel as adjuvant therapies after LEEP in patients with HSIL and HR-HPV infection. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 207 eligible patients diagnosed with HSIL and HR-HPV infection who underwent initial LEEP between January 2023 and January 2025. Patients were divided into a control group (n=102, Interferon α-2b gel) and an observation group (n=105, Anti-HPV gel), both receiving two standardized treatment courses post-operatively. Outcome measures included total clinical effective rate, vaginal microecological recovery (pH, Nugent score), serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β), immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), cell proliferation markers (serum Survivin, cervical tissue Ki-67), adverse events, and 6-month HR-HPV recurrence rate. An exploratory model was constructed using post-treatment indicators to predict recurrence. Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group showed superior outcomes across multiple domains: a higher total clinical effective rate (87.62% vs. 75.49%, P = 0.024); better restoration of vaginal microecology with lower post-treatment pH (4.29 ± 0.37 vs. 4.78 ± 0.42, P<0.001) and Nugent score (2.96 ± 1.15 vs. 4.52 ± 1.37, P<0.001); greater reductions in serum inflammatory markers (IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, all P<0.001); greater increases in immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, all P<0.001); more pronounced decreases in cell proliferation markers (serum Survivin and tissue Ki-67, both P<0.001); a lower 6-month HR-HPV recurrence rate (6.67% vs. 16.67%, P = 0.024) with comparable overall adverse event incidence (10.48% vs. 13.73%, P = 0.473). The exploratory predictive model based on post-treatment indicators demonstrated good discrimination for recurrence (AUC = 0.812, 95% CI: 0.747-0.878). Conclusion: In conclusion, as a postoperative adjuvant, Anti-HPV gel demonstrated superior clinical and biomarker outcomes compared to Interferon α-2b gel, with a favorable safety profile and lower short-term recurrence risk, suggesting its promising clinical value pending prospective confirmation.
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