Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41963075›Full record

SynthesisBMJ open respiratory research2026

Occupational exposure to toxic particles and risk of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nada Kotti, Amel Kchaou, Walid Feki, Asma Daoud, Feriel Dhouib, Nehla Rmadi, Wiem Feki, Mouna Snoussi, Rim Kammoun, Faten Omrane and 5 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ open respiratory research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Nada KottiOccupational Health Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia kotti_nada@medecinesfax.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8438-8521
Amel KchaouOccupational Health Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Walid FekiDepartment of Pneumology, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Asma DaoudDepartment of Family Medicine, University of Sfax Faculty of Medecine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Feriel DhouibOccupational Health Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Nehla RmadiOccupational Health Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Wiem FekiDepartment of Radiology, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Mouna SnoussiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Rim KammounFunctional Exploration Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Faten OmranePublic Health Physician, University of Sfax Faculty of Medecine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Slim CharfiAnatomy and Pathology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Nadia MoussaDepartment of Pneumology, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Rym SahnounRegional Centre of Pharmacovigilance of Sfax, University of Sfax Faculty of Medecine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Mounira HajjajiOccupational Health Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Kaouthar Jmal HammamiOccupational Health Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe onset of sarcoidosis is likely the result of a complex genetic-environment-immunological interaction. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify occupational toxic particles associated with an increased risk of developing pulmonary sarcoidosis.

methodsPublications in English, published from January 2000 to January 2025, were searched in PubMed, Scopus and JSTOR. The risk of bias was assessed for all included studies. Sensitivity analyses stratified by study quality were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings and potential bias. To assess publication bias, a funnel plot was used when more than six studies were included in the analysis.

resultsFive categories of toxic particles were identified to be associated with increased risk of the onset of sarcoidosis: chemicals, inorganic dusts, metals, mixed dusts and fumes and organic dusts. The quantitative analysis includes data from 13 studies. The results suggested that occupational silica, pesticides, mould/mildew and World Trade Center ((WTC) dust exposures were associated with increased odds of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the association for WTC dust and mould, whereas the risk associated with silica appeared attenuated in high-quality studies. However, gold exposure was identified as a protective factor.

conclusionPulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with occupational silica, pesticides, WTC dust and mould. Future research should prioritise gene-environment interactions and granuloma mineralogy to refine preventive strategies and disease management.

Indexed as

Occupational DiseasesOccupational ExposureParticulate MatterSarcoidosis, PulmonaryDustHumansPesticidesRisk FactorsDustParticulate MatterPesticidesOccupational Lung DiseaseSarcoidosisSystemic disease and lungs

Identifiers

PMID41963075
PMCPMC13084919

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.