Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41963295›Full record

ArticleTranslational psychiatry2026

Bullying victimization and brain development: a longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging study from adolescence to early adulthood.

Michael Connaughton, Orla Mitchell, Emer Cullen, Michael O'Connor, Tobias Banaschewski, Gareth J Barker, Arun L W Bokde, Rüdiger Brühl, Sylvane Desrivières, Herta Flor and 19 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Michael ConnaughtonDepartment of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
Orla MitchellDepartment of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
Emer CullenDepartment of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
Michael O'ConnorDepartment of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
Tobias BanaschewskiDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144
Gareth J BarkerDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5214-7421
Arun L W BokdeDiscipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-4914
Rüdiger BrühlPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Braunschweig, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-5996
Sylvane DesrivièresSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-7060
Herta FlorInstitute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-5398
Hugh GaravanDepartments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405, Burlington, VT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-1014
Penny GowlandSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4900-4817
Antoine GrigisNeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Andreas HeinzDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5405-9065
Herve LemaitreNeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-076X
Jean-Luc MartinotInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherce Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0136-0388
Marie-Laure Paillère MartinotInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherce Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Eric ArtigesInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherce Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-7646
Frauke NeesDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-8234
Dimitri Papadopoulos OrfanosDepartment of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1242-8990
Luise PoustkaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Michael N SmolkaDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-5569
Sarah HohmannDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-6698
Nathalie HolzDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-9267
Nilakshi VaidyaCentre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4600-7158
Henrik WalterDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-6121
Gunter SchumannDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7740-6469
Robert WhelanSchool of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-7281
Darren RoddyDepartment of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2, Ireland. Darrenroddy@rcsi.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-5469

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated associations between bullying victimization and brain development using longitudinal structural MRI data from the IMAGEN cohort (n = 2094; 1009 females) across three time points (∼14, ∼19, and ∼22 years). A data-driven analysis revealed that higher bullying victimization was significantly associated with accelerated volumetric growth in subcortical and limbic regions, including the putamen (β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.10-0.15), amygdala (β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.05-0.09), hippocampus (β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.04-0.08), and anterior cingulate cortex (caudal: β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03-0.07; rostral: β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.04-0.08). In contrast, bullying victimization was also significantly associated with reduced volumetric growth in the cerebellum (β = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.07), entorhinal cortex (β = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.07), and insula (β = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.06). Exploratory analyses indicated that females exhibited more pronounced changes in emotional processing regions, while males showed greater changes in motor and sensory areas. Overall, the findings indicate that bullying victimization is associated with widespread structural differences in brain development from adolescence to early adulthood, with sex-specific trajectories.

Indexed as

BrainBullyingCrime VictimsAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41963295
PMCPMC13184360

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.