Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41963492›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Metabolic determinants of torque teno virus load across the diabetes spectrum: insights from a cross-sectional analysis.

Pietro Giorgio Spezia, Simone Cappelli, Claudia Minosse, Daniele Focosi, Martina Parenti, Michela Brunetti, Giulia Gliozzo, Gea Ciccarelli, Lorenzo Carciero, Gianfranco Di Giuseppe and 10 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Pietro Giorgio SpeziaLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Simone CappelliDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy.
Claudia MinosseLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Daniele FocosiNorth-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
Martina ParentiDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy.
Michela BrunettiEndocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Giulia GliozzoDipartimento di Medicina e ChirurgiaTraslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Gea CiccarelliEndocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Lorenzo CarcieroDipartimento di Medicina e ChirurgiaTraslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Gianfranco Di GiuseppeEndocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Veronica Sancho-BornezDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy.
Federica NovazziDepartment of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
Eleni RebelosDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy.
Pirjo NuutilaTurku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Miikka-Juhani HonkaTurku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Andrea TuraCNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy.
Angela DardanoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy.
Teresa MezzaEndocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Fabrizio MaggiLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe DanieleDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy. giuseppe.daniele@unipi.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Torquetenovirus (TTV) is a ubiquitous non-pathogenic DNA virus whose replication mirrors immune competence. We profiled TTV viremia (TTVv) across type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and non-diabetes (ND) controls and assessed clinical associations. Cross-sectional, multicentre analysis of 485 individuals (T2D n. 277; T1D n. 61; ND n. 147). Plasma TTV-DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Clinical/metabolic variables were harmonized across cohorts. Associations with TTVv were tested with uni- and multivariable models adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and antidiabetic therapies. TTVv was detectable in 74.4%, with higher prevalence in T2D (79.0%) and T1D (73.8%) versus ND (69.0%). Age was an independent predictor. In T2D, unlike T1D, TTVv correlated negatively with BMI and HbA1c; those with poor control (HbA1c ≥ 8%) had significantly lower TTVv. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-IVi) were independently associated with both TTVv presence and higher titers. Among T2D, individuals with TTVv < 4.0 log copies/ml were more often obese, female, and less frequently treated with DPP-IVi. TTVv is more prevalent and higher in diabetes, yet lower with poor glycaemic control and obesity, suggesting a directionality paradox. TTVv may index immunometabolic balance in diabetes; longitudinal and mechanistic studies are warranted.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2DNA Virus InfectionsTorque teno virusViral LoadBody Mass IndexCross-Sectional StudiesDNA, ViralFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedViremiaDNA, ViralGlycated HemoglobinClinical diabetesClinical immunologyClinical science

Identifiers

PMID41963492
PMCPMC13199462

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.