Evidence mapPaperPMID 41963534Full record

ArticleHypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension2026

The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on sympathetic neuron activity.

Yui Koyanagi, Kamon Iigaya, Keiko Ikeda, Hiroshi Onimaru, Masahiko Izumizaki

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yui KoyanagiDepartment of Physiology, Showa Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
Kamon IigayaDepartment of Physiology, Showa Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
Keiko IkedaDeptartment of Oral Physiology, Showa Medical University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
Hiroshi OnimaruDepartment of Physiology, Showa Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. oni@med.showa-u.ac.jp.
Masahiko IzumizakiDepartment of Physiology, Showa Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are widely used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there are reports indicating that patients administered GLP-1 receptor agonists often experience an increased heart rate. Although activation of the sympathetic nervous system may be involved in this response, the detailed mechanisms of action of GLP-1 receptor agonists are still not well understood. We hypothesized that GLP-1 receptor agonists could excite sympathetic nerve activity through direct effects on sympathetic-related neurons in the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata. Therefore, we examined the effects of a major GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4, on sympathetic nerve activity at three different levels using in vitro preparations: (1) sympathetic nerve activity from the sympathetic nerve trunk, (2) preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column at the Th2-4 level of the spinal cord and (3) neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla corresponding to the C1 pressor area. Brainstem-spinal cord preparations were isolated from newborn rats (P0-P4) under deep isoflurane anesthesia and superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid, bubbled with 95% O

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsNeuronsPeptidesSympathetic Nervous SystemVenomsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornExenatideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorMaleMedulla OblongataRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySpinal CordExenatideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsPeptidesVenomsDrug-induced tachycardiaExendin-4Glucagon-like peptide-1Rostral ventrolateral medullaSympathetic nerve activity

Identifiers

PMID41963534
PMCPMC13236593

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.