Evidence mapPaperPMID 41963598Full record

ArticleBritish journal of cancer2026

Apoptotic modulators enhance oncolytic virus-induced cytokine killing in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).

Basem Askar, Samuel Heaton, Tyler Barr, Richard Baugh, Noura Alzamel, Stewart McConnell, Victoria A Jennings, Milene Volpato, Christy Ralph, Manish Jain and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Basem AskarLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Samuel HeatonLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Tyler BarrLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Richard BaughLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Noura AlzamelLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Stewart McConnellDepartment of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Victoria A JenningsLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Milene VolpatoLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7851-4533
Christy RalphLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Manish JainDepartment of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Richard J KellyLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Christopher ParrishLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Fiona Errington-MaisLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK. f.errington@leeds.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-534X

Funding

DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) NIHR304246Sarcoma UK SUK08.2024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundApproximately 3000 adult patients are diagnosed with AML in the UK each year. Current intensive treatments are not well-tolerated by elderly patients, and the 5-year survival rate is only 5-15%, highlighting the need for novel and effective therapies. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially replicate in cancer cells, resulting in direct oncolysis and induction of innate and adaptive anti-tumour immunity. Unfortunately, the efficacy of OVs remains relatively unexplored in AML.

methodsUsing human AML cell lines, healthy-donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and AML patient samples, we investigated whether combination with clinically applicable apoptotic modulators (SMAC/BH3 mimetics) can potentiate OV-induced cytokine-mediated killing.

resultsWe confirmed that OVs stimulate PBMCs to produce inflammatory cytokines, which can induce AML cell death. Bystander cytokine-mediated killing was also significantly enhanced in combination with SMAC/BH3 mimetics, with the optimal combination partner varying with AML subtype. We identified interferon (IFN)-α and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α as potential mediators of AML cytotoxicity, and SMAC/BH3 mimetics enhanced AML cell death following direct OV infection, indicating autocrine-paracrine signalling events. Pivotally, we confirmed that apoptotic modulators were effective in combination with both Live- and UV-inactivated virus.

conclusionThis work has identified a novel reovirus-based combination-immunotherapy for the treatment of AML.

Indexed as

ApoptosisCytokinesLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteOncolytic VirotherapyOncolytic VirusesCell Line, TumorHumansInterferon-alphaLeukocytes, MononuclearTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCytokinesInterferon-alphaTumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Identifiers

PMID41963598
PMCPMC13269698

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.