SynthesisBMC public health2026
Frameworks for developing and evaluating public health interventions in primary prevention and health promotion: a scoping review.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA variety of frameworks for developing and evaluating public health interventions exists. However, an overview of existing public health frameworks is missing posing challenges for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers navigating the dynamic field of public health. This scoping review aims to give an overview of public health frameworks for the development and evaluation of interventions in primary prevention and health promotion.
methodsThis scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, CINAHL, and PsycINFO; to 12 April 2022) were searched for English-written peer-reviewed journal articles describing descriptive frameworks (i.e., providing standards, principles, criteria, characteristics, or properties) for the development and/or evaluation of interventions focusing on primary prevention and health promotion. In addition, reference lists of included reviews were screened manually. Title/abstract and full-text screening were independently performed by two researchers. Criteria and sub-criteria from the included frameworks were (1) clustered to the HTA Core Model and (2) grouped and summarized into themes and sub-themes using a deductive-inductive iterative approach by one researcher and reviewed by a second researcher.
results39 frameworks out of 4,680 records were included in this scoping review. Frameworks were published between 1986 and 2021 with 19 frameworks published in the USA. About half of the frameworks were designed to encompass all public health interventions in primary prevention and health promotion, while the other half were more specific (e.g., disease or behaviour-specific). The number of criteria and sub-criteria in the included frameworks varied widely, ranging from two to eleven criteria and from none to 63 sub-criteria. Criteria and sub-criteria from the 39 included frameworks were grouped into seven themes: (1) intervention development, (2) intervention implementation, (3) intervention evaluation, (4) dissemination and sustainability, (5) organizational aspects, (6) ethics, and (7) context.
conclusionsThis scoping review provides an overview of existing public health frameworks and identified seven themes, organized into four phases and three non-phase-related themes, for developing and evaluating public health interventions in prevention and health promotion.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.