Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41964971›Full record

Trial reportEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2026

The Effect of Integrated Lifestyle Intervention Incorporating Calorie-Carbohydrate Restriction With or Without Time-Restricted Feeding for Remission of Type 2 Diabetes (DIREM): A Single Blind Randomised Controlled Trial.

Negin Badrooj, Alireza Esteghamati, Kurosh Djafarian, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Saba Mohammadpour, Vida Dankoob, Sahar Karimpour Reyhan, Mahsa Abbaszade, Sara Emamgholipour, Sakineh Shab-Bidar

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Negin BadroojDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8419-7618
Alireza EsteghamatiEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5114-3982
Kurosh DjafarianDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9134-7178
Mir Saeed YekaninejadDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Saba MohammadpourDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-0244
Vida DankoobDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sahar Karimpour ReyhanEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2669-6942
Mahsa AbbaszadeEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-6111
Sara EmamgholipourDepartment of Management & Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sakineh Shab-BidarDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsWe conducted the diet and diabetes remission (DIREM) study to assess whether an integrated lifestyle intervention would lead to achieving remission in type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND

methodsPatients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to calorie-carbohydrate restriction (CCR) group, intermittent fasting with calorie-carbohydrate restriction (IFCCR), or usual care group (control). The total study duration was 6 months, consisting of two phases: a 12-week integrated lifestyle intervention (ILI) phase, followed by a 12-week maintenance and structured monitoring (MSM) phase. The intervention was presented in the form of a structured behavioural model and also emphasised physical activity.

resultsOne hundred and twenty participants were randomly assigned to the study. Diabetes remission occurred in 9 (22.5%) of 40 participants in the CCR group (OR (CCR vs. Control) = 11.7, 95% CI: 1.4-98.3; p = 0.024), 12 (30.0%) of 40 participants in the IFCCR group (OR (IFCCR vs. Control) = 18.1, 95% CI: 2.2-151.0; p = 0.007) and 1 (2.5%) of 40 participants in the control group. The odds of remission were higher in the IFCCR group compared to the CCR group, but it was not significant (OR (IFCCR vs. CCR) = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6-4.3; p = 0.4).

conclusionsBoth calorie-carbohydrate restriction alone and in combination with intermittent fasting significantly improved glycemic control and induced diabetes remission compared with the control group. No significant difference was found between the two interventions. Larger long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings.

trial registrationThis trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20240418061519N1 (https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT20240418061519N1).

Indexed as

Caloric RestrictionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedLife StyleAgedBlood GlucoseFastingFemaleHumansIntermittent FastingMaleMiddle AgedRemission InductionSingle-Blind MethodBlood Glucosecaloric restrictioncarbohydrate restrictionintermittent fastingremissiontype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41964971
PMCPMC13069986

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.