Evidence mapPaperPMID 41965330Full record

ArticleCell death discovery2026

TREM2-mediated microglial phagocytosis of inhibitory synapses contributes to prolonged FS-induced epileptogenesis.

Xiaoqian Wang, Hua Zhou, Yujie Zhai, Yunrong Zhang, Yao Cheng, Yi Yuan, Wenxiao Cao, Anqing Gao, Mengshuang Liu, Qiaoyun Wang and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell death discovery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xiaoqian Wang *School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Hua Zhou *School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Yujie ZhaiSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Yunrong ZhangSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Yao ChengSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Yi YuanSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Wenxiao CaoSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Anqing GaoSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Mengshuang LiuSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Qiaoyun WangSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Hongliu SunSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China. sun_china6@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-5219

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 81573412Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation) ZR2021MH034Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation) ZR2022MH059
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Febrile seizures (FS) are common convulsive episodes in childhood and an important etiological component in epilepsy. However, most currently available antiepileptic drugs cannot prevent epileptogenesis and may even exacerbate it. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2)-mediated microglial phagocytosis of inhibitory synapses may play a pivotal role in epileptogenesis; however, the role of TREM2 in FS-induced epilepsy remains unclear. We established a Sprague-Dawley rat model of juvenile prolonged FS to analyze the associated molecular changes, epileptic susceptibility, and seizures. Our results confirmed that prolonged FS resulted in increased TREM2 levels, excessive phagocytosis by activated microglia targeting inhibitory synapses, and elevated epileptic susceptibility and seizures. Administration of a CD33 agonist (monosialoganglioside 1, GM1), a negative moderator of TREM2 that reduces its levels, attenuated microglial phagocytosis of inhibitory synapses and weakened susceptibility to epilepsy and seizures. The inhibitory effects of TREM2 knockdown were similar to those of CD33 activation. Blocking the outward-facing region of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) to prevent TREM2 recognition resulted in increased TREM2 levels and deteriorated microglial activation. Finally, although vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) levels were higher in the prolonged FS rats treated with annexin V, susceptibility to epilepsy and seizures were aggravated. This study revealed that reducing TREM2 levels may inhibit prolonged FS-induced epileptogenesis by alleviating the phagocytic function of activated microglia targeting inhibitory synapses, while preventing TREM2 from recognizing PtdSer has the opposite effect.

Identifiers

PMID41965330
PMCPMC13184081

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.