Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41965489›Full record

ArticleOral radiology2026

Deep learning-based automated masseter muscle area on routine CT stratifies survival in oral cancer.

Shin-Ichiro Hiraoka, Katsuya Sakamoto, Kohei Kawamura, Shuji Uchida, Ryo Akiyama, Susumu Tanaka

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Article in Oral radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shin-Ichiro Hiraoka *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, The University of Osaka, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. hirashins2@gmail.com.
Katsuya Sakamoto *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, The University of Osaka, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Kohei KawamuraDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, The University of Osaka, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Shuji UchidaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, The University of Osaka, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Ryo AkiyamaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, The University of Osaka, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Susumu TanakaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, The University of Osaka, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo develop and validate a deep learning model for automated masseter muscle segmentation on routine head and neck CT and to evaluate whether the derived masseter muscle area is associated with overall survival in oral cancer. MATERIALS AND

methodsA U-Net-based model was trained using a model-development cohort (n = 348) with preoperative CT and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Masseter muscle area was measured on an axial slice at the maxillary sinus floor, and sex-specific cutoffs for low masseter muscle area were derived against sarcopenia defined by appendicular skeletal muscle index. Prognostic value of AI-derived masseter muscle area (AI-MMA) was tested in an independent cohort of primary oral cancer patients (n = 247) using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models.

resultsSegmentation performance was high (Dice similarity coefficient, 0.92). AI-MMA correlated strongly with manual MMA in males and females (r = 0.892 and r = 0.896, respectively; both p < 0.001). Low AI-MMA was associated with poorer overall survival. In multivariable analysis, low AI-MMA remained an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.584; 95% CI, 1.132-5.898; p = 0.024), together with stage III-IV disease (HR, 5.811; 95% CI, 2.130-15.860; p < 0.001) and low body mass index (HR, 2.572; 95% CI, 1.162-5.693; p = 0.020).

conclusionsAutomated AI-MMA from routine staging CT provides an objective prognostic biomarker in oral cancer.

Indexed as

Deep LearningMasseter MuscleMouth NeoplasmsTomography, X-Ray ComputedAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisComputed tomographyDeep learningMasseter muscleOral cancerOral squamous cell carcinomaSarcopenia

Identifiers

PMID41965489
PMCPMC13290803

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.