Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41965521›Full record

ArticleBMC gastroenterology2026

Vitamin D deficiency in chronic hepatitis B across the disease spectrum: association with viral activity rather than hepatocellular carcinoma.

Dr Tufael, Abu Bakar Siddique, Md Haroon Or Rashid, Mohd Hasan Mujahid, Nabil Deb Nath, Asim Debnath, Most Farhana Akter, Md Robiul Islam, Vijay Jagdish Upadhye

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Dr TufaelDepartment of Biochemistry, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.
Abu Bakar SiddiqueDepartment of Biological Sciences, St John's University, New York, 11439, USA.
Md Haroon Or RashidDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto city, 606-8501, Japan.
Mohd Hasan MujahidDepartment of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India. mhasanmujahid@gmail.com.
Nabil Deb NathDepartment of Biology, The City University of New York, New York City, 10017, USA.
Asim DebnathBurnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
Most Farhana AkterDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative (UODA), Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh.
Md Robiul IslamDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative (UODA), Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh.
Vijay Jagdish UpadhyeDepartment of Microbiology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India. vijay.upadhye35296@paruluniversity.ac.in.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic liver disease is often associated with vitamin D deficiency. However, the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and HBV disease severity, viral activity, and HCC remains unclear. We evaluated whether vitamin D deficiency is linked to the disease stage and HBV viral activity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and whether HCC is an independent predictor of vitamin D status.

methodsThis study at Ibn Sina Diagnostic Center, Dhaka, included 510 participants: chronic hepatitis B (CHB, n = 210), liver cirrhosis (LC, n = 150), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 100), and healthy controls (HC, n = 50). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and HBV DNA were measured using standard assays and real-time PCR. Group comparisons, regression analyses, and exploratory in silico analyses (STRING PPI and docking with VDR and STAT1) were performed.

resultsAccording to the findings of multivariable analysis, the levels of HBV DNA were found to be independently related to baseline vitamin D status. In contrast to this, the levels of HCC were not found to be independently related after adjustment. Univariate analysis of vitamin D and HBV DNA showed a weak correlation, suggesting the necessity to model for confounders. Enrichment of host-guiding PPI illustrated interferon-associated immune pathways, whereas docking substantiated compatibility of a calcitriol molecule with VDR and STAT1, by context hypothesis generating usefulness.

conclusionChronic HBV infection suggests that vitamin D status relates more to viral activity in the host immune regulatory milieu than to HCC as an independent determinant. Making a statement about explanatory chronology is the first step.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis B virusLiver CirrhosisLiver NeoplasmsVitamin D DeficiencyAdultCase-Control StudiesDNA, ViralFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReceptors, CalcitriolSTAT1 Transcription FactorVitamin D25-hydroxyvitamin DDNA, ViralReceptors, CalcitriolSTAT1 protein, humanSTAT1 Transcription FactorVDR protein, humanVitamin DChronic hepatitis BHBV viral loadHepatocellular carcinomaLiver cirrhosisVitamin D deficiency

Identifiers

PMID41965521
PMCPMC13181887

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.