Evidence mapPaperPMID 41965607Full record

ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2026

The role of Spexin and Phoenixin-20 in girls during puberty.

Serkan Bilge Koca, Tarık Kırkgöz, Leyla Kara, Ebru Gök, Derya Koçer, Hüseyin Demirbilek

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07359092 (Comparison of Spexin and Phoenixin-20 Levels in Girls With Central Precocious Puberty, Premature Thelarche, and Healthy Controls), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07359092 completednot on this map

Comparison of Spexin and Phoenixin-20 Levels in Girls With Central Precocious Puberty, Premature Thelarche, and Healthy Controls

TypeobservationalSponsorKayseri City HospitalRan2024 to 2026Enrolled143ConditionsCentral Precocious Puberty (CPP), Puberty Disorders, Puberty, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Dysfunction (Disorder)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Serkan Bilge KocaDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Kayseri, Türkiye. kocaserkanbilge@yahoo.com.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-2369
Tarık KırkgözDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Kayseri, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3450-9780
Leyla KaraDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Kayseri, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-9222
Ebru GökDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Kayseri, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-2301
Derya KoçerDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Kayseri, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-6776
Hüseyin DemirbilekDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-5884

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSpexin has an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamus (GnRH expression), pituitary (LH and FSH expression) and ovary (estradiol expression). However, Phoenixin potentiate GnRH-stimulated GnRH receptor expression. Our aim is to assess the role of these two functionally opposite peptides in girls with Central Precocious Puberty (CPP).

methodsThis prospective study was conducted on three groups of patients (CPP: 33 patients, premature thelarche (PT): 57 patients, and healthy controls: 53 patients). The patients’ anthropometric measurements, pubertal stage, bone age, basal FSH, LH, and estradiol, and peak FSH and LH values obtained from the LH-RH stimulation test were evaluated. The primary aim was to compare Spexin and Phoenixin-20 measurements between groups.

resultsMedian (Q1–Q3) Spexin levels were 502 pg/mL (314–1434) in the CPP group, 530 pg/mL (234–820) in the PT group, and 626 pg/mL (379–1298) in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.177). Median (Q1–Q3) Phoenixin-20 levels were 264 ng/L (206–383) in the CPP group, 252 ng/L (177–383) in the PT group, and 199 ng/L (139–273) in the control group. A statistically significant difference was observed between groups (p = 0.009). Nevertheless, statistical significance between the Phoenixin-20 level of the CPP group and the PT group disappeared after post-hoc analysis. Although Spexin levels tended to be lower and Phoenixin-20 levels higher in the CPP group compared to PT and control groups, the difference was not statistically significant. Correlation analysis demonstrated a weak positive correlation between Phoenixin-20 levels and Tanner stage (r = 0.190, p = 0.023).

conclusionsAlthough patients with CPP had a lower Spexin and higher Phoenixin-20 level compared to PT and controls, their diagnostic performance was found poor in distinguishing the CPP from PT and healthy controls. Therefore, measurement of these peptides did not find as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of CPP and its differentiation from PT. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07359092). Unique Protocol ID: SPX-PNX-CPP-2024, Last Update: 01/14/2026

Indexed as

BiomarkersPeptide HormonesPubertyPuberty, PrecociousCase-Control StudiesChildFemaleFollicle Stimulating HormoneFollow-Up StudiesHumansHypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal AxisLuteinizing HormonePrognosisProspective StudiesBiomarkersFollicle Stimulating HormoneLuteinizing HormonePeptide HormonesphoenixinSPX protein, humanChildrenGirlsPhoenixin-20Precocious pubertyPubertySpexin

Identifiers

PMID41965607
PMCPMC13181945

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.