Effect of enamel surface treatment via Er, Cr: YSGG laser and nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste on mineral content of primary teeth via x-ray diffractometer: an in-vitro study.

Fatma Mohamed Elhussini, Dina Hamdy, Ahmed Hammad Abodouh, Gehan Gaber Allam

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Article in BDJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fatma Mohamed ElhussiniFaculty of Dentistry, Future University in Egypt, 2016. MSc student at the Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Fatmaelhussini@dent.asu.edu.eg.

Dina HamdyAssociate Professor at the Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Ahmed Hammad AbodouhPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Gehan Gaber AllamProfessor at the Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study evaluated the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment, with or without nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) toothpaste, on the mineral content of primary enamel specimens, with emphasis on their remineralization potential in pediatric dentistry. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis in vitro study included 33 sound primary anterior teeth, from which enamel slabs were prepared and subjected to demineralization for 96 hours. Specimens were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 11): Group A (nHAP toothpaste), Group B (Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 2780 nm), and Group C (combined laser and nHAP toothpaste). Mineral phase composition was assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD).

resultsQuantitative phase analysis revealed an increase in apatite crystal content in all groups following treatment. Group C showed the highest increase (7.4%) and exhibited a complete transformation into apatite structures. Groups A and B demonstrated comparable increases (5.1% and 4.8%, respectively), with no statistically significant difference between them.

conclusionsBoth Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and nHAP toothpaste enhanced apatite formation in demineralized primary enamel; however, their combined application produced the most pronounced remineralization effect.

Identifiers

PMID41965738

DOI10.1038/s41405-026-00418-z

PMCPMC13070032

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