Evidence mapPaperPMID 41968306Full record

ReviewJournal of nanobiotechnology2026

The interplay between autophagy and immunogenic cell death: nanomaterial-based strategies for cancer immunotherapy.

Mehdi Khorrami, Mahmood Fadaie, Saeid Razavi Dizaji, Akbar Davoodi, Rahim Asghari, Jianliang Shen, Ilnaz Rahimmanesh, Gautam Sethi, Pooyan Makvandi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mehdi Khorrami *Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Mahmood Fadaie *Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Saeid Razavi DizajiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Akbar DavoodiDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark.
Rahim AsghariHematology, Immune Cell Therapy, and Stem Cells Transplantation Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Jianliang ShenZhejiang Key Laboratory of Ophthalmic Drug Discovery and Medical Device Research, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Ilnaz RahimmaneshApplied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. ilnazrahimmanesh@gmail.com.
Gautam SethiDepartment of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore. phcgs@nus.edu.sg.
Pooyan MakvandiQuzhou People's Hospital, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China. pooyanmakvandi@wmu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has significantly advanced the field of oncology. However, effectiveness of immunotherapy remains limited by tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) and autophagy are two interconnected biological mechanisms that play crucial roles in modulating tumor-immune interactions. ICD enhances antitumor immunity through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), while autophagy affects the immunogenicity and viability of tumor cells in a context-dependent manner. Their complex interaction offers a distinctive platform to enhance immune responses and overcome resistance to immunotherapy. This review emphasizes recent advancements in using nanomaterials to regulate autophagy and ICD in cancer therapy. Various nanoplatforms, including metallic, polymeric, lipid-based, and carbon-based nanoparticles, have been engineered to deliver ICD inducers and autophagy modulators in a targeted TME-responsive manner. We discuss the underlying mechanisms, therapeutic synergies, and translational advantages of these dual-functioning systems. Furthermore, we address critical challenges such as biosafety, tumor specificity, and regulatory hurdles, and we explore strategies including PEGylation, biomimetic coating, and biodegradable carriers to improve clinical applications.

Indexed as

AutophagyImmunogenic Cell DeathImmunotherapyNanostructuresNeoplasmsAnimalsHumansTumor MicroenvironmentAutophagyCancer immunotherapyImmunogenic cell deathNanotechnology

Identifiers

PMID41968306
PMCPMC13200464

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.