Evidence mapPaperPMID 41968307Full record

Observational studyBMC endocrine disorders2026

Real-world prescribing patterns and early weight and blood pressure outcomes of GLP-1-based therapies: a retrospective observational study in the United Arab Emirates.

Salma Almemari, Nour Almulla, Yasmin Alsarraf, Ghada Badri, Nelofar Sami Khan

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC endocrine disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Salma AlmemariCollege of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Nour AlmullaCollege of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Yasmin AlsarrafCollege of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Ghada BadriThumbay University Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Nelofar Sami KhanCollege of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. neloferkhan@gmu.ac.ae.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RA) and the dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 RA tirzepatide has increased rapidly for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. This study aimed to describe real-world prescribing patterns, patient characteristics, and observational short-term changes in weight and blood pressure among adults receiving GLP-1 RA and dual GIP/GLP-1 RA in a tertiary academic healthcare setting in the United Arab Emirates.

methodsThis retrospective observational study included adult patients prescribed GLP-1 RA or tirzepatide (dual GIP/GLP-1 RA) between January 2022 and December 2024. Electronic health records and pharmacy dispensing databases were reviewed. Prescription trends were standardized using monthly treatment units. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were described, and short-term changes in body weight and blood pressure were assessed where follow-up data were available. The mean treatment duration among patients with follow-up data was 6.99 months. An exploratory multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age group, sex, BMI category, treatment group, and HbA1c category was performed to evaluate factors associated with achieving clinically meaningful weight loss (≥ 5%).

resultsA total of 238 patient records and 1,744 dispensing records were analyzed. Utilization of GLP-1–based therapies increased by 371.7% over the study period, with a marked shift toward tirzepatide as the predominant agent. Most patients had obesity (83.6%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (89.0%), and multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities. Among patients with paired follow-up data, the mean percentage weight reduction was 3.91% (SD 7.32; 95% CI 2.70 to 5.12), and the mean treatment duration was 6.99 months (SD 3.69). Weight responses were heterogeneous, reflecting substantial interindividual variability in patient weight outcomes, with 35.6% achieving ≥ 5% weight loss and 25.1% experiencing weight gain. After adjustment for age group, sex, BMI category, treatment group, and HbA1c category, no independent association was observed between treatment group and achieving ≥ 5% weight loss.

conclusionIn this tertiary care setting, prescribing of GLP-1–based therapies expanded rapidly, accompanied by heterogeneous short-term changes in weight and blood pressure observed in routine clinical practice. These findings highlight the need for longer-term, multicentre studies to evaluate the real-world effectiveness, safety, and population-level impact of GLP-1 RA and dual GIP/GLP-1 RA. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

Blood PressureBody WeightDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsObesityPractice Patterns, Physicians'AdultFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsTirzepatideGLP-1–based therapiesGLP-1 receptor agonistsObesityPrescribing patternsReal-world evidenceTirzepatideType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41968307
PMCPMC13181871

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.