ReviewCardiovascular diabetology2026
Lipid management in type 2 diabetes and non-HDL-cholesterol: target all atherogenic lipoproteins.
Review in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes, partly driven by dyslipidemia. While low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction is the primary target of lipid management, many patients with diabetes exhibit mixed dyslipidemia characterised by elevated triglycerides and increased concentrations of atherogenic remnant lipoproteins, which are more comprehensively captured by non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). Current guidelines from international societies, including the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE), and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), recommend LDL-C and non-HDL-C targets based on individual cardiovascular risk profiles. Despite clear therapeutic algorithms, lipid target attainment remains suboptimal in routine clinical practice, necessitating more intensive and individualised treatment strategies. Lipid-lowering therapies, including statins, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid and PCSK9 inhibitors, effectively reduce LDL-C and non-HDL-C, significantly lowering cardiovascular risk. Triglyceride-lowering therapies, including omega-3 fatty acids and fibrates, have demonstrated substantial reductions in triglyceride levels, but their impact on cardiovascular outcomes remains uncertain. Given the heterogeneity of dyslipidemia in diabetes, non-HDL-C and apolipoprotein B (apoB) have emerged as superior markers for assessing atherogenic burden. While LDL-C reduction remains central, additional efforts are needed to optimise the management of residual atherogenic lipoprotein particles in diabetes. Future research should focus on refining risk stratification, improving lipid target attainment, and integrating novel lipid-modifying agents to enhance cardiovascular outcomes in this high-risk population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.