Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41969054›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of technology assessment in health care2026

Integrating ethical analysis in health technology assessment: opportunities and challenges.

Bart Bloemen, Renata Axler, Michael J DiStefano, Wija Oortwijn, Dario Sacchini, Michal Stanak, Duncan Steele, Gert Jan van der Wilt, Pietro Refolo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of technology assessment in health care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Bart BloemenIQ Health Science Department, Radboudumc, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-2216
Renata AxlerCanada's Drug Agency, Canada.
Michael J DiStefanoDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pha, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-5347
Wija OortwijnIQ Health Science Department, Radboudumc, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4499-8602
Dario SacchiniFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Italy.
Michal StanakHealth Economics, Policy and Innovation Institute, Faculty of Economic and Administration, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0313-0997
Duncan SteeleClinical Ethics Services, Alberta Health Services, Canada.
Gert Jan van der WiltIQ Health Science Department, Radboudumc, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-762X
Pietro RefoloDepartment of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-160X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ethics has been recognized as an integral part of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) since its beginning. However, the integration of ethical analysis in HTA practice has been limited and challenging. Members of the Health Technology Assessment international (HTAi) Interest Group (IG) for Ethical Issues in HTA reflected upon this situation, during a workshop and online meetings, to identify which challenges hinder integration of ethics in HTA and how to move the discipline forward. In this article, we present the results of that discussion, describing different ways that ethical analysis can occupy a more central role in HTA practice. We also describe developments in HTA that create a momentum for reflecting upon such integral role for ethical analysis in HTA: artificial intelligence-based health technologies, changes in the evidence landscape, assessing the environmental impact of health technology, and the new EU regulation on HTA.

Indexed as

Ethical AnalysisTechnology Assessment, BiomedicalArtificial IntelligenceHumansartificial intelligenceethicshealth policyhealth technology assessmentresearch ethics

Identifiers

PMID41969054
PMCPMC13200155

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.