Evidence mapPaperPMID 41969396Full record

ArticleInternational medical case reports journal2026

Amenorrhea Induced by Hydrocephalus Due to Tuberculous Meningitis: A Rare Case Report and Literature.

Ida Bagus Praja Putra Adnyana, Mulyanusa A Ritonga, Anita Rachmawati, Dian Tjahjadi, Ruswana Anwar, Amadea Ivana Hartanto

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Article in International medical case reports journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

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Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ida Bagus Praja Putra AdnyanaDivision of Fertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
Mulyanusa A RitongaDivision of Fertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-4323-7855
Anita RachmawatiDivision of Fertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
Dian TjahjadiDivision of Fertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
Ruswana AnwarDivision of Fertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0001-5416-1238
Amadea Ivana HartantoDepartment of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.ORCID 0009-0009-2176-7722

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Secondary amenorrhea is commonly associated with endocrine or gynecological disorders; however, central nervous system diseases may also disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis and lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Hydrocephalus caused by tuberculous meningitis represents a rare but important neurological cause of menstrual disturbance. We report the case of a 24-year-old Indonesian woman of Southeast Asian ethnicity presenting with secondary amenorrhea for 2.5 years following a history of tuberculous meningitis complicated by communicating hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Hormonal evaluation revealed low gonadotropin and estradiol levels consistent with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Neuroimaging demonstrated ischemic lesions involving the thalamic and basal ganglia regions with radiological features of hydrocephalus and tuberculoma-related meningeal enhancement. Transrectal ultrasonography showed preserved ovarian morphology with antral follicles, supporting a central rather than ovarian etiology. Bone mineral density assessment revealed reduced bone mass associated with prolonged hypoestrogenism. A review of the literature highlights several proposed mechanisms linking hydrocephalus and hypothalamic dysfunction, including increased intracranial pressure and structural compression of hypothalamic pathways. This case emphasizes that neurological conditions such as tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus may cause secondary amenorrhea through disruption of hypothalamic-pituitary regulation. Early recognition of neuroendocrine complications is essential to prevent delayed diagnosis and long-term reproductive or metabolic consequences.

Indexed as

hydrocephalushypogonadotropic hypogonadismsecondary amenorrheatuberculous meningitisventriculoperitoneal shunt

Identifiers

PMID41969396
PMCPMC13069941

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.