ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Staged management of infected diabetic foot ulcers: a 300-patient cohort study on prognostic grading, pathogen dynamics, and individualized risk prediction.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Emerging Nanomaterials Can Even Treat Chronic Wounds: A Review of Evidence on Magnesium-Based Systems.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the IWGDF/IDSA classification for prognostic stratification in diabetic foot infections (DFIs) and to develop and validate a clinical prediction model for individualized risk assessment. Methods: In this retrospective study of 300 patients with DFIs (2020-2024), infection severity was graded as Grade 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), 3(O) (moderate with osteomyelitis), or 4 (severe). We analyzed baseline characteristics, microbiological profiles, treatment responses, and performed time-to-event analyses for ulcer healing and limb salvage. A nomogram predicting 6-month non-healing risk was developed using Cox regression, with performance assessed by C-index and calibration. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses (including competing-risk models) were conducted to test robustness. Results: Higher infection grades correlated with worse glycemic control (HbA1c: 9.8% in Grade 4 vs. 8.1% in Grade 2), higher peripheral arterial disease (PAD) prevalence (64.3% vs. 22.4%), and a pathogen shift from Gram-positive cocci (87.2% in Grade 2) to Gram-negative bacilli ( Conclusion: The IWGDF/IDSA classification effectively stratifies DFI patients by integrated metabolic, vascular, microbiological, and prognostic risk. Osteomyelitis warrants distinct management. The developed nomogram provides a validated tool for individualized risk prediction, facilitating early targeted intervention. These findings advocate for a severity-guided, multidisciplinary treatment paradigm to improve outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.