Evidence mapPaperPMID 41971071Full record

ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Molecular mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease and role of phytochemicals, α-synuclein, sirtuins, and incretin mimetics in potential therapy.

Sanjida Shahid Juthi, Prawej Ansari, Md Ferdos Ahmed, Joyeeta T Khan, Veronique Seidel, Sandeep Kumar, Reena Kumari, Aine McKillop, Yasser H A Abdel-Wahab, Peter R Flatt

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sanjida Shahid JuthiBehavioral Services, Anderson Center for Autism, Staatsburg, NY, United States.
Prawej AnsariCentre for Diabetes Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom.
Md Ferdos AhmedDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Joyeeta T KhanDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Veronique SeidelNatural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Sandeep KumarDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Reena KumariDepartment of Genetics, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Aine McKillopCentre for Diabetes Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom.
Yasser H A Abdel-WahabCentre for Diabetes Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom.
Peter R FlattCentre for Diabetes Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and intracellular accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein aggregates. Despite being extensively studied, current pharmacological and surgical interventions remain mostly symptomatic, leaving limited efficacy in halting or reversing disease progression. The complicated pathogenesis of PD involves oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy, and proteostasis imbalance, altogether contributing to neuronal vulnerability. In addition to established drugs such as levodopa, other medications affecting dopamine pathways and incretin mimetics, numerous studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of phytomolecules to target these processes. This includes resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, baicalein, berberine and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which have demonstrated pleiotropic neuroprotective effects by mitigating oxidative and inflammatory cascades, improving mitochondrial biogenesis, preventing proteostasis imbalance, and/or blocking α-synuclein aggregation. Some phytomolecules may also act through the sirtuin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, linking neuroprotection with metabolic regulation. Some phytomolecules may additionally alleviate insulin resistance and stimulate incretin (GLP-1/GIP) secretion, potentially enhancing their neuroprotective. The exact relationship between αS, sirtuins, insulin signaling and phytomolecules is not yet fully understood. Nevertheless, increasing evidence suggests that phytomolecules can modulate brain insulin resistance and enhance incretin signaling, which contribute to their neuroprotective effects in PD. This review highlights the interconnected metabolic and neuronal mechanisms in Parkinson's disease encompassing α-synuclein pathology, sirtuin imbalance, and disrupted insulin signaling role in PD and explores incretin and phytomolecules molecule based therapies, often utilized for type 2 diabetes management as complementary multi-target neuroprotective strategies.

Indexed as

GLP-1incretin mimeticsneurodegenerationParkinson’s diseasephytoconstituentssirtuinsα-synuclein

Identifiers

PMID41971071
PMCPMC13062330

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.