Evidence mapPaperPMID 41971090Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Risk factors for hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes: a retrospective analysis of electronic medical record data.

Liren Li, Jiayu Chen, Tongshu Guan, Ping Zheng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Liren Li *Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jiayu Chen *Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Tongshu GuanClinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Ping ZhengClinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of hypoglycemia events in hospitalized patients with diabetes, identify factors associated with hypoglycemia, and analyze hypoglycemia events to provide a scientific basis for the precise nursing care of inpatients with hypoglycemia. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the hospital's medical database from 2021 to 2022. We collected data from 28,580 patients with diabetes to assess the incidence of hypoglycemia during hospitalization. We analyzed the temporal characteristics of hypoglycemia and evaluated its relationships with patient demographics and behavioral characteristics, medications, comorbidities, and laboratory parameters. Outcome: Hypoglycemia occurred in 3,477 (12.2%) of the 28,580 enrolled inpatients. Multivariable analysis identified T1DM, impaired renal function, and insulin or glinide use as factors significantly associated with hypoglycemia. Factors associated with lower odds of hypoglycemia included older age, higher body mass index, higher average glucose level, and the use of SGLT-2 or DPP-4 inhibitors. Temporal analysis revealed distinct patterns: hypoglycemia in patients with T1DM peaks within 3 days of admission, while in patients with T2DM, it also peaks within 3 days but with a lower overall incidence. Conclusion: This study underscores the clinical significance of hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes. The elucidated risk factors and temporal characteristics of hypoglycemic events form the basis for devising proactive management strategies to reduce its occurrence.

Indexed as

diabetes mellitushospitalized patientshypoglycemiarisk factortemporal pattern

Identifiers

PMID41971090
PMCPMC13061714

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.