ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Mucosal immunity in cancer metastasis: roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the mucosal immune system plays a crucial role in regulating immune tolerance, maintaining the integrity of the mucosal barrier, and facilitating immune communication between organs. However, its role in tumor metastasis has not been fully investigated. This review integrates recent studies on mucosal immunity and tumor metastasis, systematically discussing the process by which mucosal immune dysregulation promotes tumor metastasis. We elucidate how the mucosal imprinting program formed within the common mucosal immune system affects metastasis through regulating immune tolerance, tissue-specific homing, and the circulating adaptability of metastatic tumor cells. During this process, the microbiota within the tumor also plays an important synergistic role. Through major mucosal axes such as the gut-lung axis and the gut-liver axis, damaged mucosal immunity remodels the composition and metabolic state of tissue-resident immune cells and remotely regulates the pre-metastatic microenvironment. At the distal mucosal sites, immune populations such as alveolar macrophages and tissue-resident memory T cells inhibit tumor metastasis growth by forcing tumor dormancy, maintaining mucosal immune balance. However, when the body experiences a chronic infection and the mucosal immune system is disrupted, dormant tumor cells can be reactivated for metastasis. This review describes the roles of mucosal immunity at different stages of tumor metastasis, providing a reference for understanding the role of mucosal immunity in tumor metastasis and revealing the key mechanism pathways and therapeutic strategies for preventing metastasis recurrence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.