ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Targeted drug delivery systems for pancreatic cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Exosomes in inflammatory tissue injury: key pathogenic factors and promising therapeutic agents.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The review summarizes recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives in targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) for pancreatic cancer (PC) therapy. Given the dismal prognosis of PC treatment is hindered by a dense desmoplastic stroma, profound hypoxia, limited T-cell infiltration, and abundant immunosuppressive myeloid populations, together forming physical and immunological barriers to effective therapy. Targeted DDSs based on organic, inorganic, and biological platforms (e.g., liposomes/lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carrier-free drug self-assembly systems, hybrid inorganic-organic nanomaterials, and biomimetic carriers such as exosomes and protein nanocages) can enhance tumor accumulation and reduce off-target toxicity through active ligand-receptor targeting, microenvironment-adaptive delivery, and controlled release triggered by internal cues (pH, enzymes, reactive oxygen species, hypoxia) or external stimuli (light, heat, magnetic fields). Importantly, DDSs are designed to remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages, inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells, activating innate immune sensing pathways, and overcoming stromal immune exclusion via stroma-immune co-modulation or transcytosis-enabled penetration. We further discuss precision-medicine opportunities, proposing biomarker-guided stratification and monitoring frameworks that link patient-specific TME features (e.g., stroma-high/immune-excluded, myeloid-dominant, weak innate priming) to rational DDS selection and combination regimens. Future development should prioritize clinically actionable combination strategies, localized/depot delivery when appropriate, and data-driven design and optimization (including artificial intelligence and machine learning) to accelerate personalized, translatable DDSs for improving pancreatic cancer outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.