Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2026
Axitinib plus Avelumab in Recurrent/Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Biomarker Analysis and Updated Results of the Phase II Trial.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Intrapatient tumour heterogeneity and clonal evolution in an autopsy study of metastatic salivary gland cancer.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe phase II axitinib plus avelumab trial in recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) demonstrated favorable response rates and progression-free survival (PFS), leading to its inclusion in National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines as the first immunotherapy-based option for ACC. We sought to identify biomarkers predictive of clinical benefit from axitinib plus avelumab. PATIENTS AND
methodsTwenty-eight patients with ACC enrolled in the study. Pretreatment tumors underwent whole-exome sequencing, transcriptomic profiling, imaging mass cytometry, and tumor, oral rinse, and stool microbiome characterization using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Associations with PFS were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model, incorporating ACC subtype (ACC-I vs. ACC-II) as a covariate.
resultsACC comprises 2 proteogenomically distinct subtypes: aggressive, NOTCH1-activated ACC-I and more indolent ACC-II. Here, the median PFS was 1.8 months for ACC-I versus 11.4 months for ACC-II [hazard ratio (HR), 0.14; P < 0.0001)], representing the first demonstration of subtype-specific clinical trial outcomes in ACC. Clinical benefit was not associated with PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, or recurrent genomic mutations. Instead, improved PFS correlated with the presence of intratumoral Escherichia and gut Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia. Transcriptomic profiling identified a 167-gene immune-enriched signature predictive of PFS benefit with axitinib plus avelumab. This signature also predicted benefit from ipilimumab plus nivolumab but not from regorafenib monotherapy, suggesting its specificity for immunotherapy-based combinations.
conclusionsClinical trial outcomes with axitinib plus avelumab differ significantly by ACC subtype. Furthermore, the identified 167-gene immune-related signature predicts clinical benefit to immunotherapy-based combinations in ACC. These findings provide a framework for future biomarker-driven trial design and patient stratification strategies for this rare malignancy.
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