ArticleAMB Express2026
Oral-gut microbiome dysbiosis in obese smokers reveals compartment-specific shifts.
Article in AMB Express, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Obesity and smoking are major global health threats with synergistic impacts on metabolic disease. The combined effects of these factors on the oral-gut (Orointestinal) microbiome axis, a crucial interface for systemic immunity and metabolism, remain poorly characterized. In this cross-sectional study, 108 age- and sex-matched participants were stratified into four groups (n = 27/group): Non-Obese Non-Smokers (Control), Obese Non-Smokers, Non-Obese Smokers, and Obese-Smokers. Orointestinal microbiomes were profiled via 16 S rRNA sequencing of stool and oral rinse samples, followed by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Compartment-specific patterns existed in relation to smoking and obesity. The oral microbiome of Obese-Smokers exhibited a significant, dose-dependent reduction in diversity (34% loss at > 20 cigarettes/day; padj = 0.008), synergistic depletion of oral commensals such as Elizabethkingia (log2FC = − 6.33, padj = 0.0032) and enrichment of pathobionts such as Escherichia_Shigella (log2FC = 3.2, padj = 0.00068). In contrast, the gut microbiome maintained stable bacterial diversity across groups, despite profound compositional shifts (PERMANOVA, padj = 0.003), with smokers showing a significantly elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (1.78 vs. 0.91 in controls; padj = 0.006). Critically, Obese-Smokers revealed a significant bidirectional pattern of the Orointestinal axis, specifically in the oral cavity, as evidenced by the significant Orointestinal co-occurrence of the oral pathobionts Neisseria and Leptotrichia (r = 0.67, p = 0.0001), which potentially highlights microbial covariation across habitats. A random forest model identified the oral taxon F0058 (Saccharimonadaceae) as a potential biomarker for Obese-Smoker status (AUC = 0.975, padj = 0.017). Obesity and smoking are associated with synergistic orointestinal dysbiosis, pathobiont expansion, commensal loss, and potential microbial covariation across habitats. The vulnerable oral microbiome, specifically the F0058 biomarker, offers a promising target for noninvasive risk stratification and intervention.
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