Evidence mapPaperPMID 41975461Full record

ArticleBMC chemistry2026

Candexch algorithm-enhanced chemometric determination of a novel anti-COVID-19 therapeutics in plasma and paxlovid formulation using advanced multivariate modeling: a sustainability-centered bioanalytical approach.

Ahmed Emad F Abbas, Nisreen F Abo Talib, Mohamed R Elghobashy, Omkulthom Al Kamaly, Michael K Halim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ahmed Emad F AbbasOctober 6 University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, 6 October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt. dr.ahmedeemad@gmail.com.
Nisreen F Abo TalibEgyptian Drug Authority , P.O. Box 35521, Agouza, Giza, Egypt.
Mohamed R ElghobashyOctober 6 University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, 6 October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
Omkulthom Al KamalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Michael K HalimOctober 6 University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, 6 October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt. michaelkamelhalim@gmail.com.

Funding

Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University PNURSP2026R917
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This work reports the development of an algorithm-assisted chemometric spectrophotometric method for the concurrent quantification of anti-COVID-19 therapeutics nirmatrelvir, ritonavir, and the active molnupiravir metabolite N4-hydroxycytidine in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma. A structured fractional five-level factorial calibration design consisting of 25 mixtures was employed to construct the calibration dataset, while the external validation set was generated using D-optimal sample selection via the Candexch algorithm to ensure uniform coverage of the experimental domain and minimize sampling bias relative to random dataset partitioning. Quantitative modeling was performed using four multivariate regression strategies: Principal Component Regression (PCR), Genetic Algorithm-assisted Partial-Least Squares (GA-PLS), Firefly Algorithm-assisted Partial-Least Squares (FA-PLS), and Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS). Model optimization, including latent variable selection, wavelength selection, and parameter tuning, was performed exclusively using the calibration dataset through internal cross-validation (LOO-CV) based on minimum RMSECV, while the external validation set was kept completely independent and used only for final prediction. Among the models that were assessed, the MCR-ALS algorithm demonstrated the best overall predictive performance, yielding correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9997 and root mean square prediction errors ranging from 0.076 to 0.213 µg mL⁻¹. NAS-based sensitivity assessment produced detection limits between 0.109 and 0.876 µg mL⁻¹, demonstrating adequate sensitivity within the investigated concentration ranges. Matrix-matched validation employing 25 calibration and 13 external validation mixtures prepared in fortified human plasma confirmed predictive robustness across both plasma and Paxlovid

Indexed as

Anti-COVID-19 therapeuticsChemometric bioanalysisD-optimal experimental designMultivariate optimizationSustainable analytical chemistry

Identifiers

PMID41975461
PMCPMC13085575

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.