Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41977264›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Linker Engineering in Stapled Peptides for Enhanced Membrane Permeability: Screening and Optimization Strategies.

Min Zhao, Baojian Li, Ying Gao, Rui Zhang, Subinur Ahmattohti, Jie Li, Xinbo Shi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Min ZhaoSchool of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay 834000, China.
Baojian LiSchool of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay 834000, China.
Ying GaoSchool of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay 834000, China.
Rui ZhangSchool of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay 834000, China.
Subinur AhmattohtiSchool of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay 834000, China.
Jie LiSchool of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay 834000, China.ORCID 0009-0003-1850-8902
Xinbo ShiShaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.ORCID 0009-0003-7231-2134

Funding

Doctoral Science Foundation of Xinjiang Second Medical College XGYK2025-102Karamay Science and Technology Plan Project 2025BA0090
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The optimization of membrane permeability is a pivotal approach for mitigating late-stage failures in peptide drug development. By leveraging linker chemical diversity, stapled peptides utilize linker engineering to precisely modulate key physicochemical parameters-such as lipophilicity and conformational constraints-to overcome the desolvation energy penalty. This review systematically evaluates linker-based strategies for enhancing the permeability of stapled peptides, categorized into two primary dimensions: (1) high-throughput screening (HTS) compatibility, focusing on the integration of functionalized linkers into mRNA display, phage display, and DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) to identify lead scaffolds with inherent permeability potential during early discovery; and (2) post-screening structural refinement, covering rational design strategies including intramolecular hydrogen-bond (IMHB) shielding, "chameleonic" adaptations, and stimuli-responsive reversible stapling. Furthermore, we analyze the paradigm shift in assessment methodologies from qualitative imaging to quantitative cytosolic delivery assays, which have deepened our understanding of mechanisms such as the charge/lipophilicity threshold balance and metabolism-driven trapping. Overall, linker engineering provides a robust technical roadmap for developing the next generation of cell-permeable stapled peptide therapeutics.

Indexed as

Cell Membrane PermeabilityPeptidesProtein EngineeringAnimalsHigh-Throughput Screening AssaysHumansHydrogen BondingPeptideschameleonicityhigh-throughput screening (HTS)intracellular deliveryintramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB)linker engineeringmembrane permeabilityrational designstapled peptides

Identifiers

PMID41977264
PMCPMC13073778

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.