Evidence mapPaperPMID 41978150Full record

ReviewNutrients2026

Evaluated Childhood Obesity Prevention and Management Programs in Europe, 2015-2024: A Structured Narrative Review of Behavioral and Anthropometric Outcomes.

Małgorzata Wójcik, Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska, Anna Iwańska, Ewelina Cichocka-Mroczek, Edyta Łuszczki, Justyna Wyszyńska, Ewa Baran, Laura González-Ramos, Isa Hartgring, Lola Martínez and 6 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Małgorzata WójcikDepartment of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Crakow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3889-1913
Agnieszka Kozioł-KozakowskaInterclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children's Hospital, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4770-5641
Anna IwańskaDepartment of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Crakow, Poland.
Ewelina Cichocka-MroczekLaboratory of Pediatric Dietetics, Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Crakow, Poland.ORCID 0009-0003-2848-6903
Edyta ŁuszczkiFaculty of Health Sciences and Psychology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4619-7705
Justyna WyszyńskaFaculty of Health Sciences and Psychology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5786-6214
Ewa BaranDepartment of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Crakow, Poland.ORCID 0009-0000-3321-2075
Laura González-RamosDepartment of Pediatrics, Consorci Hospital General Universitari de València, 46014 Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0009-0009-4798-9470
Isa HartgringDepartment of Pediatrics, Consorci Hospital General Universitari de València, 46014 Valencia, Spain.
Lola MartínezDepartment of Pediatrics, Consorci Hospital General Universitari de València, 46014 Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0009-0008-4360-7466
Justė ParnarauskienėClinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.ORCID 0009-0002-5654-6021
Fernando Fernandez-ArandaCIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2968-9898
Augustina JankauskienėClinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.ORCID 0000-0001-7767-2102
Dorota DrożdżInterclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children's Hospital, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1281-1164
Artur MazurInstitute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Julio Alvarez-PittiDepartment of Pediatrics, Consorci Hospital General Universitari de València, 46014 Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0452-7822

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis structured narrative review summarizes and critically appraises evaluated childhood obesity prevention programs implemented in European countries and published between 2015 and 2024.

methodsSystematic searches for PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, complemented by research registries, were conducted year-by-year and independently screened by two reviewers.

resultsFive multinational/international programs were identified alongside multiple national initiatives delivered in family, school, community, healthcare, and digital settings. Overall, interventions consistently improved intermediate outcomes-such as selected dietary behaviors, physical activity participation, knowledge, and parental self-efficacy-more than anthropometric endpoints. Effects on BMI/BMI z-score or overweight/obesity prevalence were heterogeneous and frequently small or non-significant, especially for short-duration, single-setting educational interventions. More favorable anthropometric outcomes were commonly reported in long-term, population-scaled physical activity or community-based programs as well as in multidisciplinary healthcare-supported approaches; however, these strategies were typically resource-intensive and sometimes showed differential effectiveness across socioeconomic or cultural groups.

conclusionsThe evidence indicates that single-setting or short-term interventions may improve selected behavioral outcomes but are generally insufficient to produce sustained effects on anthropometric measures without integration into broader, multi-level strategies. It is needed to integrate families, schools, communities, and health services with explicit attention to sustainability and equity. Technology-supported tools may strengthen reach and continuity when embedded within comprehensive prevention frameworks.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorHealth PromotionPediatric ObesityAnthropometryChildEuropeExerciseFemaleHumansProgram Evaluationbehavioral outcomeschildhood obesitydietEuropeintervention programsphysical activityprevention

Identifiers

PMID41978150
PMCPMC13074523

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.