ArticleNutrients2026
Underweight in Young Adult Women as a Dynamic Nutritional State: Evidence from Four Complementary Longitudinal Methods.
Article in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnderweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m
methodsA retrospective analysis of 883 underweight women aged 20-29 years followed for 6.1 ± 4.2 years was performed. We compared (1) year-to-year transitions, (2) state occupancy, (3) the Aalen-Johansen estimator, and (4) Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis. We performed bidirectional flow analysis quantifying inflow/outflow rates, BMI distribution analysis, and time-weighted classification.
resultsMethods 1 and 4 showed 31-point discrepancies (78.1% vs. 47.1% in women). In bidirectional flow, inflow exceeded outflow at ages 22-27 (35.7%/yr vs. 20.7%/yr, outflow/inflow ratio: 0.58), balanced at ages 27-37 (ratio: 1.02) and showed outflow-dominant pattern at ages 37-47 (ratio: 4.92). BMI clustered at 18.0-19.0 kg/m
conclusionsUnderweight in young Japanese women should be viewed as a heterogeneous dynamic nutritional state. The methodological discrepancy, threshold crossing, and phenotypic classification show that BMI-defined underweight comprises distinct patterns. Cross-sectional data evaluation may lead to incorrect assessments. Future research examining relationships between longitudinal low body weight subgroups and clinical outcomes could identify at-risk populations within the underweight group.
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